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2017, Number 1

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RCAN 2017; 27 (1)

Food and nutritional status of native and peasant communities of the central region of Ecuador

Villacreses S, Gallegos ES, Chico P, Santillán E

Language: Spanish
References: 55
Page: 143-166
PDF size: 623.46 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Rationale: The IssAndes Project (led by the PIC Potato International Center) is aimed to the elimination of extreme poverty and hunger in the rural communities of the Andean regions of the Republic of Ecuador perceived as vulnerable. Objective: To describe the food and nutritional status of children and their mothers in selected rural communities of the Ecuadorian Andean region. Study serie: Three-hundred and seventy-six mothers and 316 children with ages ‹ 3 ages living in 45 communities of the Ecuadorian provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. Methods: Nutritional status of the child was established from the proportion of infants with undesirable Height and Weight values. Growth and development standards proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) were used. Feeding of the child was assessed from the fulfillment of breastfeeding and complementary feeding, food diversity, minimum daily food frequency, and the provision of a minimally acceptable diet. Feeding of the mother was measured according with food diversity, dietetic iron intakes, and her knowledge of maternal-child food and nutrition. In order to assess household’s food safety perception of the mother regarding food frequency and consumed quantities of foods was measured. Results: Growth retardation affected 56.3% of the surveyed children. Insufficient weightfor- age was present in 8.6% of the infants. Sixteen point five percent of the surveyed children showed excessive body weight for age. Obesity was present in 3.7% of the sample. Sixty-seven percent of the mothers initiated breastfeeding immediately after birth. Sixty-one-percent of them practiced exclusive breastfeeding up until 6 months. Sixty-six percent of the children received a food staple considered an adequate source of dietetic iron the day before the conduction of the survey. Fifty-two percent of the children lived in food uncertainty conditions. Average adequacy of energy and proteins intakes was 168.2%. Proteins of vegetal origin occupied the largest presence in the child’s regular diet. Conclusions: More than a half of surveyed children live in food insecurity conditions. Food insecurity might explain concurrence of growth retardation with increased risk of excessive weight-forage, all of which might affect the present as well future wellbeing of the child.


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