Alvarez PVA, Martos BFD

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder that is characterized by an abnormal invasion of the trophoblast and obesity is among its risk factors.
Objective: determine the relationship between overweight and hypertensive disease that develops during pregnancy.
Methods: across-sectional descriptive study of cases and controls was performed at the G-O teaching Hospital in Guanabacoa from 2014 to 2015. The universe consisted of the 101 patients diagnosed with preeclampsia who completed their pregnancy. The control group was composed of 96 patients who did not develop the disease in a sample taken at random. The chi square test with Yate correction or the Fisher exact test was used to make comparisons between groups.
Results: 197 patients were studied, 101 with preeclampsia (51.3 %) and 96 controls without preeclampsia (48.7 %). Out of the total number of patients, 86.1% presented preeclampsia with aggravating factors. Body mass index was significantly higher among patients with preeclampsia than in the control group (p= 0.002). There was a proportion of obesity among patients with preeclampsia (48.5 % of them with an exaggerated weight gain. Preeclampsia was significantly associated with combined maternal or perinatal complications (64.8 % vs. 46.2 %, p= 0.029).
Conclusion: the increase in body mass index influences the risk of preeclampsia and this, in turn, in adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.