2018, Number 3
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Rev Invest Clin 2018; 70 (3)
Nutrient Recommendations for Cancer Patients Treated with Pelvic Radiotherapy, with or without Comorbidities
Castro-Eguiluz D, Leyva-Islas JA, Luvian-Morales J, Martínez-Roque V, Sánchez-López M, Trejo-Durán G, Jiménez-Lima R, Leyva-Rendón FJ
Language: English
References: 23
Page: 130-135
PDF size: 75.94 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options used in pelvic cancers. Ionizing radiation induces damage to surrounding
tissues, resulting in disruption of normal physiological functions and symptoms such as diarrhea, tenesmus, incontinence, and
rectal bleeding, which can all significantly alter the patient’s quality of life. These patients are at increased risk of developing
protein-calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, designing a proper nutritional intervention plan, with an
optimal proportion of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, is required to reduce or even reverse the patients’ poor nutritional status,
increase their tolerance and response to oncology treatment, decrease the rate of complications and improve their quality
of life. The aim of this review was to establish a nutritional plan that includes recommendations on macronutrient proportions
and micronutrient intake in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. The following nutritional plan has been recommended
in the literature: Energy: 28-31 kcal/kg/day, using the Harris-Benedict formula adjusted for body weight in obese patients;
protein: 20-30%; fat: 30-40%; and carbohydrates: 40-50%. The maintenance of adequate levels of Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin
A, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin must be emphasized. Physical activity must also be increased to
maintain muscle mass. Nutrient requirements must be established in an integral manner, considering the patient’s age, nutritional
status, and the presence of comorbidities. Unnecessary dietary restrictions should be avoided to ensure an adequate
nutritional status.
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