medigraphic.com
ISSN 0001-0944 (Print)
Órgano Oficial de la Asociación Dental Mexicana

2018, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Rev ADM 2018; 75 (4)

Neurophysiology and bruxism

Nieto MS, Tiscareño H, Castellanos JL

Language: Spanish
References: 55
Page: 202-213
PDF size: 310.99 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Bruxism shows a complex pathophysiology, where afferent and afferent signals regulated by the CNS, through the expression of neurotransmitters with repercussion in dysfunctional and eventually harmful muscular hyperactivity. To try to understand bruxism from its neurophysiological peculiarities, a bibliographic review was carried out on the bases of Medline and PubMed, with the aim of establishing the relationship between neurotransmitters and the neuromasticatory system, pointing out the possible alterations in their release that trigger irregularities in the rhythmic movements of the jaw (rhythmic jaw movement [RJM]) during sleep induced by disorders in the central nervous system, psychological and psychiatric alterations, drug addiction and medical prescriptions, and to some extent, a reactive response to local situations and adaptive changes. The masticatory functioning depends on the integration of the sensory input (afferent) of components such as the periodontal ligament, masticatory muscles, teeth and temporomandibular joint, which can be disturbed when any of these parts suffer alterations in their integrity, inflammation, functional overload or morphological alterations, observing a variety of adaptive and compensatory (efferent) responses. In bruxism, this local information is of minor relevance, since it is governed by central changes observed during sleep or changes in psychological influence during daytime bruxism. Consequently, bruxism brings with it biological, emotional and behavioral changes that affect major muscles, preferably located in the head and neck, causing in a secondary way many other alterations. Particularly in the stomatognathic region, several deteriorations are observed, such as mucosal damage, myofascial and joint pain and dental attrition. The understanding of the complex neurophysiological processes that determine the appearance and persistence of bruxism can help to establish control and treatment strategies.


REFERENCES

  1. Johansson A, Haraldson T, Omar R, Kiliaridis S, Carlsson GE. A system for assessing the severity and progression of occlusal tooth wear. J Oral Rehabil. 1993; 20 (2): 125-131.

  2. Cepeda de Romero B, Henao-Salazar A, Escobar-Puccetti LF, Romero K. Comparación de la actividad eléctrica cerebral entre pacientes bruxómanos y grupo control. Medicina Ac Col. 2012; 34 (4): 306-313.

  3. Lazarov NE. The neurochemical anatomy of trigeminal primary afferent neurons. Bulgaria: Medical University Sofía. Neuroscience Dealing with Frontiers; 2012. ISBN: 978-953-51-0207-6.

  4. Dharmadhikari S, Romito LM, Dzemidzic M, Dydak U, Xu J, Bodkin CL et al. GABA and glutamate levels in occlusal splint-wearing males with possible bruxism. Arch Oral Biol. 2015; 60 (7): 1021-1029.

  5. Latorre-Camino R. Estudio de las firmas neuronales en los generadores centrales de patrones [Disertación]. Madrid: Departamento de Ingeniería Informática. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 2004. pp. 1-51.

  6. Castellanos JL. Bruxismo. Nociones y conceptos. Rev ADM. 2015; 72 (2): 63-69.

  7. Oporto GH 5th, Bornhardt T, Iturriaga V, Salazar LA. Genetic polymorphisms in the serotonergic system are associated with circadian manifestations of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2016; 43 (11): 805-812.

  8. Duque-Díaz E, Rita-Gáfaro C, Bermúdez M. Distribución de neuropéptidos en el encéfalo humano. Rev Mex Neuroci. 2016; 17 (2): 71-82.

  9. Coveñas R, de León M, Marcos P, Belda M, Aguirre JA, Narváez JA et al. Neuropéptidos en el núcleo espinal del trigémino. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2000; 7 (7): 444-452.

  10. Gasco-García C. Dolor orofacial y desórdenes temporomandibulares : tratamiento conservador y terapias alternativas [Tesis]. Madrid: Universidad Complutense Madrid; 2013. pp. 1-17.

  11. Dawson PE. Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of occlusal problems. St. Louis, EUA: Mosby Co.; 1984.

  12. Guaita M, Högl B. Current treatments of bruxism. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2016; 18 (2): 10.

  13. Hashimoto N, Katayama T, Ishiwata Y, Nakamura Y. Induction of rhythmic jaw movements by stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation in the guinea pig. J Neurosci. 1989; 9 (8): 2887-2901.

  14. Lavigne GJ, Kato T, Kolta A, Sessle BJ. Neurobiological mechanisms involved in sleep bruxism. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003; 14 (1): 30-46.

  15. Nakamura Y, Katakura N, Nakajima M. Generation of rhythmical ingestive activities of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal motoneurons in in vitro CNS preparations isolated from rats and mice. J Med Dent Sci. 1999; 46 (2): 63-73.

  16. Arshavsky I, Deliagina TG, Orlovsky GN. Central pattern generators: mechanisms of the activity and their role in the control of “automatic” movements. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2015; 65 (2): 156-187.

  17. Lichter, Muir RC. The pattern of swallowing during sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1975; 38 (4): 427-432.

  18. Nakamura Y, Katakura N. Generation of masticatory rhythm in the brainstem. Neurosci Res. 1995; 23 (1): 1-19.

  19. Lund JP, Scott G, Kolta A, Westberg KG. Role of cortical inputs and brainstem interneuron populations in patterning mastication. In: Nakamura Y, Sessle BJ, editors. Neurobiology of mastication —from molecular to systems approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1999. pp. 504-514.

  20. Sessle BJ, Henry JL. Neural mechanisms of swallowing: neurophysiological and neurochemical studies on brain stem neurons in the solitary tract region. Dysphagia. 1989; 4 (2): 61-75.

  21. Nagy J, Buss M, Daddona J. On the innervation of trigeminal mesencephalic primary afferent neurons by adenosine deaminase containing projections from the hypothalamus in the rat. Neuroscience. 1986; 17 (1): 141–156.

  22. Copray JC, Ter Horst GJ, Liem RS, van Willigen JD. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides within the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis. Neuroscience. 1990; 37 (2): 399-411.

  23. Lazarov NE. Neurobiology of orofacial proprioception. Brain Res Rev. 2007; 56 (2): 362-383.

  24. Brailovsky S. Las sustancias de los sueños: neuropsicofarmacología. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica; 1995.

  25. Kolta A, Dubuc R, Campistron G, Lund JP. Investigation of possible neurotransmitters responsible for the inhibition of trigeminal primary afferents. IBRO Abstr. 1991; 3: 86-88.

  26. Ishii H, Kang Y. Molecular basis underlying GABA(A) responses in rat mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. Neuroreport. 2002; 13 (17): 2265-2269.

  27. Nitz D, Siegel J. GABA release in the dorsal raphe nucleus: role in the control of REM sleep. Am J Physiol. 1997; 273 (1 Pt 2): R451-R455.

  28. Nitz D, Siegel JM. GABA release in the locus coeruleus as a function of sleep/wake state. Neuroscience. 1997; 78 (3): 795-801.

  29. Lublin H. Dopamine receptor agonist- and antagonist-induced behaviors in primates previously treated with dopamine receptor antagonists: the pathogenetic mechanisms of acute oral dyskinesia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1995; 18 (6): 533-551.

  30. Micheli F, Fernandez Pardal M, Gatto M, Asconapé J, Giannaula R et al. Bruxism secondary to chronic antidopaminergic drug exposure. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1993; 16 (4): 315-323.

  31. Stoyanova II, Lazarov NE. Localization of orexin-A-immunoreactive fibers in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat. Brain Res. 2005; 1054 (1): 82-87.

  32. Zhang J, Luo P. Orexin B immunoreactive fibers and terminals innervate the sensory and motor neurons of jaw-elevator muscles in the rat. Synapse. 2002; 44 (2): 106-110.

  33. Zhang JH, Sampogna S, Morales FR, Chase MH. Distribution of hypocretin (orexin) immunoreactivity in the feline pons and medulla. Brain Res. 2004; 995 (2): 205-217.

  34. Sakurai T, Amemiya A, Ishii M, Matsuzaki I, Chemelli RM, Tanaka H et al. Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell. 1998; 92 (4): 573-585.

  35. Kilduff TS, Peyron C. The hypocretin/orexin ligand-receptor system: implications for sleep and sleep disorders. Trends Neurosci. 2000; 23 (8): 359-365.

  36. Domínguez F. Trastornos psicológicos y su correlación etiopatogénica con el bruxismo [Tesis]. Madrid: Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 2013. p. 170.

  37. Everly GS. A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response. Boston, MA: Springer; 1989.

  38. Gottesmann C. Introduction to the neurophysiological study of sleep: central regulation of skeletal and ocular activities. Arch Ital Biol. 1997; 135 (3): 279-314.

  39. Kawamura Y, Tsukamoto S. Analysis of jaw movements from the cortical jaw motor area and amygdala. Jpn J Physiol. 1960; 10: 471-488.

  40. Lund JP, Lamarre Y. Activity of neurons in the lower precentral cortex during voluntary and rhythmical jaw movements in the monkey. Exp Brain Res. 1974; 19 (3): 282-299.

  41. Alvarado-Mallart MR, Batini C, Buisseret-Delmas C, Corvisier J. Trigeminal representations of the masticatory and extraocular proprioceptors as revealed by horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport. Exp Brain Res. 1975; 23 (2): 167-179.

  42. Amano N, Yoshino K, Andoh S, Kawagishi S. Representation of tooth pulp in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and the trigeminal ganglion in the cat, as revealed by retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase. Neurosci Lett. 1987; 82 (2): 127-132.

  43. Cruccu G, Berardelli A, Inghilleri M, Manfredi M. Functional organization of the trigeminal motor system in man. A neurophysiological study. Brain. 1989; 112 (Pt 5): 1333-1350.

  44. Liepert J, Schardt S, Weiller C. Orally administered atropine enhances motor cortex excitability: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 2001; 300 (3): 149-152.

  45. Jacobs BL, Fornal CA. Activity of serotonergic neurons in behaving animals. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999; 21 (2 Suppl): 9S-15S.

  46. Elcock C, Boissonade FM, Robinson PP. Changes in neuropeptide expression in the trigeminal ganglion following inferior alveolar nerve section in the ferret. Neuroscience. 2001; 102 (3): 655-667.

  47. Van’t Spijker A, Kreulen CM, Creugers NH. Attrition, occlusion, (dys)function, and intervention: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007; 18 Suppl 3: 117-126.

  48. Huddleston Slater JJ, Visscher CM, Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. The intra-articular distance within the TMJ during free and loaded closing movements. J Dent Res. 1999; 78 (12): 1815-1820.

  49. Fuller D, Mateika JH, Fregosi RF. Co-activation of tongue protrudor and retractor muscles during chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat. J Physiol. 1998; 507 ( Pt 1): 265-276.

  50. Veiga N, Ângelo T, Ribeiro O, Baptista A. Bruxism – literature review. Int J Dent Oral Health. 2015; 1 (5): 1-5.

  51. Schuyler CH. Factors contributing to traumatic occlusion. J Prosthet Dent. 1961; 11: 708-716.

  52. Chung SC, Kim YK, Kim HS. Prevalence and patterns of nocturnal bruxofacets on stabilization splints in temporomandibular disorder patients. Cranio. 2000; 18 (2): 92-97.

  53. Kardachi BJ, Bailey JO, Ash MM. A comparison of biofeedback and occlusal adjustment on bruxism. J Periodontol. 1978; 49 (7): 367-372.

  54. Moya H, Miralles R, Zuñiga C, Carvajal R, Rocabado M, Santander H. Influence of stabilization occlusal splint on craniocervical relationships. Part I: cephalometric analysis. Cranio. 1994; 12 (1): 47-51.

  55. Bates RE Jr, Gremillion HA, Stewart CM. Degenerative joint disease. Part I: Diagnosis and management considerations. Cranio. 1993; 11 (4): 284-290.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com