Valdés Franchi-Alfaro H, Nápoles PM, Peña AGA, Pereda CO

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: The average age of the population tends to grow. Cuba is not exempt from this process. The traumatic injury of the hip is one of the diseases that generates high morbidity and mortality rates.
Objective: To determine the behavior of morbidity and mortality in a group of patients operated on the hip.
Method: An analytical observational cross-sectional study was carried out with 619 patients admitted for hip fracture in "Dr. Carlos J Finlay" Central Military Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. The variables analyzed in the investigation were sex, age, history of chronic diseases, places of occurrence of the traumatic event, factors predisposing to falls, anatomical location of the fracture, time elapsed between hospital admission and operation, types of surgical procedures, immediate and intermediate complications to the surgical act, hospital stay, death rate and cause of death. Absolute frequency, relative frequency, ratio, mean, and index were used as summary measures.
Results: They were more frequent in the age group of 80-89 years and in female subjects, with predominance of the intertrochanteric. Sixty three percent (63 %) of people were treated with reduction and osteosynthesis. 58.3 % of the total underwent surgery in less than 24 hours and 12.5 % after 72 hours. 31 % presented complications (postoperative anemia, dehydration and bronchopneumonia). In the first year after surgery, the patients presented pressure ulcers, failure of the osteosynthesis material, and delay in consolidation. The causes of death at discharge were pulmonary thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction and bronchopneumonia. In-hospital mortality was 1.13 % and 3.7 % at one year, with 96.7 % of survival in the same period.
Conclusions: Hip fracture prevailed in elderly women, mainly inter-cortical type. There was a significantly lower percentage of complications than that recorded in a previous study at this institution. In-hospital mortality was higher in females. The most recorded cause of death to the discharge was pulmonary thromboembolism.