Gómez GML, Linares GEM, Montier IA, Díaz GO

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 212-223
PDF size: 503.47 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: ethanol is a teratogenic agent and its excessive consumption represents a major worldwide health problem.
Objective: to demonstrate the protective role of folic acid on the Central Nervous System and craniofacial dimensions in a biomodel of prenatal alcohol intoxication in Wistar rats.
Methods: an experimental study with offspring of three groups of pregnant rats: without alcohol intoxication; with 5 ml of 40 % ethanol during gestation and with 5 ml of 40 % ethanol plus 200 μg/day of folic acid. The presence of meningocele, encephalocele and microcephaly was evaluated in the offspring and the craniofacial dimensions were measured. The comparison of proportions for independent samples, the Kruskal-Wallis test and a statistically significant risk association was estimated for an Odds-Ratio confidence interval not containing the unit.
Results: supplementation with folic acid in pregnant rats with alcohol intoxication prevented the onset of encephalocele of the offspring, reduce the microcephaly, diminution of the biparietal diameter and the distance between the eyeballs, however the damage of the Central Nervous System could not completely avoided, and not prevent the reduction of the anteroposterior diameter or the nasal-ear pore distance.
Conclusion: the biomodel demonstrated the toxic effect of ethanol and the protection of folic acid on the Central Nervous System and some craniofacial dimensions of the offspring. A higher dose of folic acid, than the one used in the research, could be recommended to achieve a better protection of the offspring.

REFERENCES

1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Impactos negativos del alcohol en la salud [internet]. Ginebra; 2016 [citado 16/11/2016]. Disponible en: https://blogs.20minutos.es/elnutricionista- de-la-general/2012/11/30/el-efecto-del-alcohol-sobre-la-salud-la-opinion-dela- oms/

2. Cuba. Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas. Biblioteca Médica Nacional. Alcoholismo. Estadísticas Mundiales. Factográfico salud [Internet]. 2017 Feb [10/01/2018]; 3(2): [aprox. 12p.]. Disponible en: http://files.sld.cu/bmn/files/2017/02/factografico-desalud- febrero-20172.pdf.

3. Niebyl JR, Weber RJ, Briggs GG. Drugs and environmental agents in pregnancy and lactation: Teratology, epidemiology. En: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017. p. 8.

4. Hoyme HE, Kalberg WO, Elliott AJ, et al. Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2016 [citado 15/6/2018]; 138(2). Disponible en: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/2/e20154256.long

5. González Armas E, Cabezas Alfonso HC. Efectos del ácido fólico sobre variables morfométricas en ratas Wistar recién nacidas. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2015 Ago [citado 20/1/2019]; 19(4): [aprox. 7p.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-31942015000400009&lng=es

6. Herrera Batista A, Zumeta Dubé Melvis T, González Bravo M. Efectos del ácido fólico sobre algunas variables morfométricas del timo de ratas adolescentes con síndrome fetal alcohólco. Rev Cubana InvestBioméd [Internet]. 2012 Mar [citado 11/9/2018]; 31(1): [aprox. 9p.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864- 03002012000100007&lng=es

7. Park J-E, Choi T, Ryu Y, Cho S-I. The relationship between mild alcohol consumption andmortality in Koreans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2015 [citado 15/6/2018]; 15:918. Disponible en: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-2263-7

8. CENPALAB. Manual de Procedimientos Operacionales de Trabajo. Edición 01/0.

9. Williams JF, Smith V. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics [internet]. 2015 [citado 15/6/2018]; 136(5). Disponible en: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/5/e1395

10. Wilhoit LF, Scott D, Simecka BA. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Characteristics, complications, and treatment.Abstract. Community Mental Health Journal [internet]. 2017 [citado 15/6/2018]; 53 (6): [aprox. 7p.]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168434

11. Hernández-Fonseca K, Martinell P, Reyes-Guzmán C, Méndez M. ¿La exposición crónica al alcohol induce neurodegeneración en el Sistema Nervioso Central de la rata?. Salud Ment [Internet]. 2015 Jun [citado 18/9/2018]; 38(3): [aprox. 10p.]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185- 33252015000300167&lng=es

12. Pérez López JA. Tabaco, alcohol y embarazo. Formación Continuada del médico práctico. [Internet] España; noviembre, 2016 [Citado 10/12/ 2016]. Disponible en:http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-integral-63-pdf-10022163

13. Buitrago MR. Genética molecular del alcoholismo. Rev. Fac. Med [Internet]. 2015 [citado 15/6/2018]; 63(3): [aprox. 11p.]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfmun/v63n3/v63n3a16.pdf

14. Kendler J, Jianguang J, Edwards A. An Extended Swedish National Adoption Study of Alcohol Use Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry [Internet]. 2015 [citado 15/6/2018]; 72(3): [Aprox. 7p.]. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2088151

15. Wass T, Chudley A. Relationships between Head Circumference, Brain Volume and Cognition in Children with prenatal alcohol exposure. PlosOne [Internet]. 2016 [citado 15/6/2018]; 11(2). Disponible en: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0150370