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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2019, Number 5

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Salud Mental 2019; 42 (5)

Effect of postictal process in motor deficit and monoaminergic concentration in hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex

Avila-Luna A, Bueno-Nava A, Cortes-Altamirano JL, Reyes-Long S, Bandala C, Alfaro-Rodríguez A

Language: English
References: 76
Page: 251-256
PDF size: 202.96 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. Systemic administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) causes brain damage (BD), and triggers a series of morphological and neurochemical changes, which in turn bring about behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) levels are controlled by various brain structures and these levels are related to motor activity; however, the concentration of these neurotransmitters during the postictal process remains unknown. Objective. We investigated the concentration of 5-HT, NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex on motor deficit during the postictal stage. Method. Eighteen male Wistar rats (300 g) assigned to two groups: control (n = 9, saline solution) and experimental (n = 9, PTZ) were used. Myoclonic shakes were counted and motor behavior assessments were recorded during three hours post PTZ injection (90 mg/kg). The cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of each rat were dissected to determine the 5-HT, DA, and NA concentration by high performance liquid chromatography. Results. PTZ induced a significant increase in total 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus and cortex; in the cerebellum there was a significant increase in the concentration of 5-HT and NA. The presence of myoclonic shakes as well as a marked motor deficit in the experimental group were significantly different in comparison to the control. Discussion and conclusion. 5-HT modifies the concentration of other monoamines directly involved in motor aspects such as NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex during the postictal process.


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  25. Lee, M., Ryu, Y. H., Cho, W. G., Kang, Y. W., Lee, S. J., Jeon, T. J., ... Choi, T. H. (2015). Relationship between dopamine deficit and the expression of depressive behavior resulted from alteration of serotonin system. Synapse, 69(9), 453-460. doi: doi.org/10.1002/syn.21834

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  39. Adamec, R., Burton, P., Blundell, J., Murphy, D. L., & Holmes, A. (2006). Vulnerability to mild predator stress in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 170(1), 126-140. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.02.012

  40. Ahmadi, M., Dufour, J. P., Seifritz, E., Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J., & Saab, B. J. (2017). The PTZ kindling mouse model of epilepsy exhibits exploratory drive deficits and aberrant activity amongst VTA dopamine neurons in both familiar and novel space. Behavioural Brain Research, 330, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.025

  41. Becker, A., Grecksch, G., Thiemann, W., & Höllt, V. (2000). Pentylenetetrazolkindling modulates stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 66(2), 425-428. doi: 10.1016/ S0091-3057(99)00264-6

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  43. Brailowsky, S., Knight, R. T., Blood, K., & Scabini, D. (1986). γ-Aminobutyric acidinduced potentiation of cortical hemiplegia. Brain Research, 362(2), 322-330. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90457-9

  44. Bueno-Nava, A., Gonzalez-Pina, R., Alfaro-Rodriguez, A., Nekrassov-Protasova, V., Durand-Rivera, A., Montes, S., & Ayala-Guerrero, F. (2010). Recovery of motor deficit, cerebellar serotonin and lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of injured rats. Neurochemical Research, 35(10), 1538-1545. doi: 10.1007/s11064- 010-0213-4

  45. Bueno-Nava, A., Montes, S., DelaGarza-Montano, P., Alfaro-Rodriguez, A., Ortiz, A., & Gonzalez-Pina, R. (2008). Reversal of noradrenergic depletion and lipid peroxidation in the pons after brain injury correlates with motor function recovery in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 443(1), 32-36. doi: 10.1016/j. neulet.2008.07.046

  46. Dempesy, C. W., Tootle, D. M., Fontana, C. J., Fitzjarrell, A. T., Garey, R. E., & Heath, R. G. (1983). Stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex of the cat: increased rate of synthesis and release of catecholamines at limbic sites. Biological Psychiatry, 18(1), 127-132.

  47. Eraković, V., Župan, G., Varljen, J., & Simonić, A. (2003). Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and kindling: changes in free fatty acids, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochemistry International, 42(2), 173-178. doi: 10.1016/S0197-0186(02)00070-0

  48. Felger, J. C., & Treadway, M. T. (2017). Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: role of dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(1), 216-241. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.143

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  51. Gholipour, T., Ghasemi, M., Riazi, K., Ghaffarpour, M., & Dehpour, A. R. (2010). Seizure susceptibility alteration through 5-HT3 receptor: modulation by nitric oxide. Seizure, 19(1), 17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.10.006

  52. Goldstein, L. B. (2006). Neurotransmitters and motor activity: effects on functional recovery after brain injury. NeuroRx, 3(4), 451-457. doi: 10.1016/j. nurx.2006.07.010

  53. González-Piña, R., & Paz, C. (1997). Brain monoamine changes in rats after short periods of ozone exposure. Neurochemical Research, 22(1), 63-66. doi: 10.1023/A:1027329405112

  54. González-Piña, R., Bueno-Nava, A., Montes, S., Alfaro-Rodriguez, A., Gonzalez- Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., & Ayala-Guerrero, F. (2005). Pontine norepinephrine content after motor cortical ablation in rats. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 48,73-76.

  55. Haring, J. H. (1991). Reorganization of the area dentata serotoninergic plexus after lesions of the median raphe nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 306(4), 576-584. doi: 10.1002/cne.903060404

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  58. Huang, R. Q., Bell-Horner, C. L., Dibas, M. I., Covey, D. F., Drewe, J. A., & Dillon, G. H. (2001). Pentylenetetrazole-induced inhibition of recombinant γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors: mechanism and site of action. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 298(3), 986-995.

  59. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (US). Committee on Care, Use of Laboratory Animals, & National Institutes of Health (US). Division of Research Resources. (1985). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academies.

  60. Kalynchuk, L. E. (2000). Long-term amygdala kindling in rats as a model for the study of interictal emotionality in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24(7), 691-704. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00031-2

  61. Koyuncuoglu, T., Vızdıklar, C., Üren, D., Yılmaz, H., Yıldırım, Ç., Atal, S. S., ...Yeğen, B. Ç. (2017). Obestatin improves oxidative brain damage and memory dysfunction in rats induced with an epileptic seizure. Peptides, 90, 37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.005

  62. Kulkarni, S. K., & George, B. (1995). Pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in animals: protective effect of BR-16A. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 33(6), 424-427.

  63. Lee, M., Ryu, Y. H., Cho, W. G., Kang, Y. W., Lee, S. J., Jeon, T. J., ... Choi, T. H. (2015). Relationship between dopamine deficit and the expression of depressive behavior resulted from alteration of serotonin system. Synapse, 69(9), 453-460. doi: doi.org/10.1002/syn.21834

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  67. Meldrum, B. (2002). Do preclinical seizure models preselect certain adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Research, 50(1-2), 33-40. doi: 10.1016/S0920- 1211(02)00066-9

  68. Newman, P. P., & Reza, H. (1979). Functional relationships between the hippocampus and the cerebellum: an electrophysiological study of the cat. The Journal of Physiology, 287(1), 405-426. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012667

  69. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-062-ZOO-1999. (2001). Especificaciones técnicas para la producción, cuidado y uso de los animales de laboratorio. Retrieved from: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/203498/NOM-062- ZOO-1999_220801.pdf

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  71. Peterson, S. L., & Albertson, T. E. (1998). Neuropharmacology methods in epilepsy research. CRC press. ISBN 13: 978-0-8493-3362-0

  72. Sarkisian, M. R. (2001). Overview of the current animal models for human seizure and epileptic disorders. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2(3), 201-216. doi: 10.1006/ ebeh.2001.0193

  73. Shouse, M. N., Staba, R. J., Ko, P. Y., Saquib, S. F., & Farber, P. R. (2001). Monoamines and seizures: microdialysis findings in locus ceruleus and amygdala before and during amygdala kindling. Brain research, 892(1), 176- 192. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03292-3

  74. Szyndler, J., Rok, P., Maciejak, P., Walkowiak, J., Członkowska, A. I., Sienkiewicz- Jarosz, H., ... Kostowski, W. (2002). Effects of pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling of seizures on rat emotional behavior and brain monoaminergic systems. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 73(4), 851-861. doi: 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00912-7

  75. Weinshenker, D., & Szot, P. (2002). The role of catecholamines in seizure susceptibility: new results using genetically engineered mice. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 94(3), 213-233. doi: 10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00218-8

  76. Yonekawa, W. D., Kupferberg, H. J., & Woodbury, D. M. (1980). Relationship between pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and brain pentylenetetrazol levels in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 214(3), 589- 593.




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