medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-2945 (Print)

2019, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Revista Cubana de Cirugía 2019; 58 (1)

Acute appendicitis management

Rodríguez FZ

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 100-120
PDF size: 428.24 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The objective of this work is to study in depth the different cognitive aspects about the new evidences concerning the treatment of acute appendicitis and to compare the results obtained with the different surgical techniques currently used and the conservative treatment. A bibliographic review was carried out and articles were chosen from the electronic sources Web of Science, Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, Medline, and Google, published in this century in Spanish and in English. Appendectomy by laparotomy has always been the "gold standard" for the treatment of acute appendicitis. In 1982, laparoscopic access was introduced, which has proven safe and efficient as conventional access. In 2004, endoscopic surgery through natural orifices was used; in 2007, it was performed by a single port, and in 2015, through retrograde endoscopy. The evolution of the clinical picture is variable so strategies have been proposed such as ambulatory surgery, conservative treatment followed or not by interval surgery, in order to avoid unnecessary interventions with morbidity and mortality similar to those performed with urgency. Appendectomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy is still the "golden standard" of the treatment of acute appendicitis, although laparoscopic access is required, new invasive techniques and outpatient surgery have emerged. Antibiotic therapy is essential and, as a single treatment, aims to reduce costs and morbidity associated with surgery; therefore, the adequate treatment of this disease is currently controversial and will depend on the established protocols of action, patient condition, and the available resources.


REFERENCES

  1. Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix, with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci. 1886;92:321-46.

  2. Lin KB, Chan CL, Yang NP, Lai RK, Liu YH, Zhu SZ, et al. Epidemiology of appendicitis and appendicectomy for the low-income population in Taiwan, 2003-2011. BMC Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2015[citado 20 Jun 2018];15:18. Disponible en: https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12876-015-0242-1

  3. Nesbit RR. Dr. Charles McBurney: A pioneer in the surgical treatment of appendicitis. Bull Ame Coll Surg [Internet]. 2016[citado 20 Jun 2018];101(1):[aprox. 67 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26891509

  4. Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy [Internet]. 1983 [citado 20 Jun 2018];15:59-64 [PMID: 6221925]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 6221925

  5. Schreiber JH. Early experience with laparoscopic appendectomy in women. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 1987 [citado 20 Jun 2018];1:211-6. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/2970683

  6. Götz F, Pier A, Bacher C. Modified laparoscopic appendectomy in surgery. A report of 388 operations [Internet]. Surg Endosc. 1990 [citado 20 Jun 2018];4:6-9. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00591402

  7. Pelosi MA. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). Laparoscopic appendectomy using a single umbilical puncture (minilaparoscopy). J Reprod Med [Internet]. 1992 [citado 20 Jun 2018];37:588-94. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/ PMC3002008/

  8. Kalloo AN, Sing VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, et al. Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity. [Internet]. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Amer [Internet]. 2004 [citado 20 Jun 2018];60:114-7. Disponible en : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15229442

  9. Rao GV, Reddy DN, Banerjee R. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES): Human experience. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Amer [Internet]. 2008 [citado 20 Jun 2018];18:361-70. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20566006

  10. Palanivelu C, Rajan PS, Rangarajan M, Parthasarathi R, Senthilnathan P, Prasad M. Transvaginal endoscopic appendectomy in humans: a unique approach to NOTES–world’s first report. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2008 [citado 20 Jun 2018];22:1343-7. Disponible en: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.3101&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  11. Li B, Ma X, Feng J, Yang Z, Qu B, Feng Z, et al. Endoscopic retrograde apendicitis therapy (ERAT) a multicenter retrospective study in China. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jun 2018];29:905-09. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/25106722

  12. Lefrancois M, Lefevre J, Chafai N, Pitel S, Kerger L, Agostini J, et al. Management of acute appendicitis in ambulatory surgery: is it possible? How to select patients? Ann Surg [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jun 2018];261:1167-72. Disponible en: https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01285797/document

  13. Martínez JP, Quilindo C, Arresta S, Valencia F, Zúñiga Á, Tascón J, et al. Cirugía ambulatoria de la apendicitis aguda no complicada. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad del Cauca [Internet]. Abr. 2015[citado 17 Abril 2018];17(1):10-13. [S.l.]. Disponible en: http://facultadsalud.unicauca.edu.co/revista/ojs2/index.php/rfcs/article/ download/15/14

  14. Coldrey E. Five years of conservative treatment of acute appendicitis. J Int Coll Surg. 1959;32:255-61.

  15. Eriksson S, Granström L. Randomized controlled trial of appendicectomy versus antibiotic treatment therapy for acute appendicitis. Br J Surg [Internet]. 1995[citado 20 Jun 2018];82:166-9. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7749676

  16. Andersson R. The Natural history and traditional management of appendicitis revisited: spontaneous resolution and predominance of prehospital perforations imply that a correct diagnosis is more important than an early diagnosis. World J Surg [Internet]. 2007 [citado 20 Jun 2018];31:86-92. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17180556

  17. Clanton J, Subichin M, Drolshagen K, Daley T, Firstenberg M. Fulminant Clostridium difficile infection: an association with prior appendectomy? World J Gastrointest Surg [Internet]. 2013 [citado 20 Jun 2018];5:233-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 23983904

  18. Deulofeu Betancourt B, Rodríguez Fernández Z, Cremé Lobaina E, Reyte Sola GL, Pineda Chacón J. Caracterización de pacientes operados mediante apendicectomía videolaparoscópica a causa de apendicitis aguda. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2017 Dic 06];18(12):1661-70. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php? script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192014001200005&lng=es

  19. Onieva FG, Roldán S, Domínguez JR, Montero JP, Galnares A, Peralta J. Abordaje laparoscópico frente a enfoque clásico en el tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda. Rev Colomb Cir [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jun 2018];32(1):26-31. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2011-75822017000100004&lng=en

  20. Romel Hilairie, Rodríguez Fernández Z, Romero García LI, Rodríguez Sánchez LP. Apendicectomía videolaparoscópica frente a apendicectomía convencional. Rev Cubana Cir [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Ene 2018];53(1):[aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.revcirugia.sld.cu/index.php/cir/article/view/83/43.

  21. Minutolo V, Licciardello A, Di Stefano B, Arena M, Arena and Antonacci V. Outcomes and cost analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for treatment of acute appendicitis: 4-years’ experience in a district hospital. BMC Surgery [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Ene 2018];14:1-14. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646120

  22. Hori Tomohide, Machimoto Takafumi, Kadokawa Yoshio, Hata Toshiyuki, Ito Tatsuo, Kato Shigeru, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis: How to discourage surgeons using inadequate therapy. World J Gastroenterol. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 28 Ene 2018];23(32):5849-59. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC5583570/pdf/WJG-23-5849.pdf

  23. Sahm M, Pross M, Otto R, Koch A, Gastinger I and Lippert H. Clinical Health Service Research on the Surgical Therapy of Acute Appendicitis: Comparison of Outcomes Based on three German Multicenter Quality Assurance Studies Over 21 Years. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2015 [citado 28 Ene 2018];262:338-46. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563882

  24. González E, Huespe P, Oggero S, Dietrich A, Campana JP, Ardiles V, et al. Apendicitis aguda en adultos: tratamiento en un Hospital Universitario. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jun 2018];47(1):53-7. Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/ pdf/1993/199350528008.pdf

  25. Biondi A, Di Stefano C, Ferrara F, Bellia A, Vacante M, Piazza L. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a retrospective cohort study assessing outcomes and cost-effectiveness. World J Emerg Surg [Internet]. 2016 [citado 20 Jun 2018];11:44. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27582784

  26. Masoomi H, Nguyen NT, Dolich MO, Mills S, Carmichael JC, Stamos MJ. Laparoscopic appendectomy trends and outcomes in the United States: data from the Nation wide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2004-2011. Am Surg [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Jun 2018];80:1074-7. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25264663

  27. Newman J, Arthi C. Negative laparoscopic appendicectomy: The value of diagnostic laparoscopy. Br J Hosp Med [Internet]. 2014[citado 20 Jun 2018];75:111. Disponible en: https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/hmed.2014.75.2.111

  28. Hamminga Jenneke TH, Sijbrand Hofker H, Broens Paul MA, Kluin Philip M, Heineman Erik, Willem Haveman Jan. Evaluation of the appendix during diagnostic laparoscopy, the laparoscopic appendicitis score: a pilot study. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2013[citado 20 Jun 2018];27:1594-600. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2634-4. Disponible en: http://gsresidency.surgery.med.ubc.ca/files/2013/09/Evaluation-of-the-appendix-during-diagnostic-laparoscopy-the-laparoscopic-appendicitis-score-a-pilot-study.pdf

  29. Sauderland S, Jaschninski T, Neugebauer. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;10:CD001546.

  30. Ditillo M, Dziura J, Rabinovici R. Is it safe to delay appendectomy in adults with acute appendicits? AnnSurg. [Internet]. 2006 [citado 20 Jun 2018];244:656-660. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856602/

  31. Bhangu A. Safety of short, in-hospital delays before surgery for acute appendicitis: multicenter cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Jun 2018];259:894-903. Disponible en: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/24509193 #fragment-citations

  32. Bulian DR, Kaehler G, Magdeburg R, Butters M, Burghardt J, Albrecht R, et al. Analysis of the First 217 Appendectomies of the German NOTES Registry. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jun 2018];265:534-8. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com /annalsofsurgery/Article/2017/03000/Analysis_of_the_First_217_Appendectomies_of_the.16.aspx

  33. Chen J, Geng W, Xie S, Liu F, Zhao Y, Lu L, et al. Single incision versus conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jul 2018];24:195-203. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600865

  34. Daskalakis K, Juhlin C, Påhlman L. The use of pre- or postoperative antibiotics in surgery for appendicitis: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Jul 2018];1003(1):14-20. Disponible en: http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1457496913497433

  35. Scott A, Mason E, Arunakirinathan M, Reissis Y, Kinross M, Smith J. Risk stratifcation by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg [Internet]. 2015[citado 20 Jun 2018];102:563-72. Disponible en: https://pingpong.ki.se/public/pp/public_courses/course12538/published/ 1494326517939/resourceId/20272024/content/UploadedResources/Decision%20making%20in%20appendicitis.pdf

  36. Livingston E, Vons C. Treating Appendicitis without Surgery. American Medical Association. Editorial JAMA [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jul 2018];313(23):2327-8. DOI:10.1001/jama.2015.6266. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/ articlepdf/ 2320296/jed150052.pdf

  37. Wu J, Dawes A, Sacks G, Brunicardi F, Keeler E. Cost effectiveness of nonoperative management versus laparoscopic appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Surgery [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jul 2018];158:712-21. Disponible en: https://www.surgjournal.com/article/S0039-6060%2815%2900506-1/fulltext

  38. Liang T, Liu S, Tsai C, Kang C, Huang W, Chang H, Chen I. Analysis of recurrence management in patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment for acute appendicitis. Medicine [Internet]. 2016 [citado 20 Jun 2018];95:1-7. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27015200

  39. Brook I. Treating appendicitis with antibiotics. Am J Emerg Med. 2016[citado 20 Jun 2018];34:609-610. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689849

  40. Wilms IM, de Hoog DE, de Visser DC, Janzing HM. Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 [citado 20 Jun 2018];(11):CD008359. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071846

  41. Similles C, Symeonides P, Shorthouse AJ, Tekkis PP. A meta-analysis comparing conservative treatment versus acute appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (abscess or phlegmon) Surgery. 2010 [citado 20 Jun 2018];147:818-29. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20149402

  42. Tannoury J, Abboud B. Treatment options of inflammatory appendicle masses in adults. World J Gastroenterol. [Internet] 2013 [citado 20 Jun 2018];19:3942-50. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703180/

  43. Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN. Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ [Internet]. 2012 [citado 20 Jun 2018];344:e2156. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491789

  44. Ruffolo C, Fiorot A, Pagura G, Antoniutti M, Massani M, Caratozzolo E, Bonariol L, Calia di Pinto F, Bassi N. Acute appendicitis: what is the gold standard of treatment? World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2013 [citado 20 Jul 2018];19:8799-8807. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870531/pdf/WJG-19-8799.pdf

  45. Di Saverio S, Sibilio A, Giorgini E, Biscardi A, Villani S, Coccolini F, et al. The NOTA Study: prospective study on the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treating patients with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and long-term follow-up of conservatively treated suspected appendicitis. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Jul 2018];260(1):109-17. Disponible en: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f0a3/3aa79a9babf6f46d91bc87e8fa84aac0 d284.pdf

  46. Salminen P, Paajanen H, Rautio T, Nordström P, Aarnio M, Rantanen T, et al. Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: The APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jul 2018];313(23):2340-8. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/ 2320315/joi150056.pdf

  47. Sippola S, Grönroos J, Tuominen R, Paajanen H, Rautio T, Nordström P, et al. Economic evaluation of antibiotic therapy versus appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis from the APPAC randomized clinical trial. BJS 2017 July 5;104:1355-61.

  48. Kirby A, Hobson RP, Burke D, Cleveland V, Ford G, West RM. Appendicectomy for suspected uncomplicated appendicitis is associated with fewer complications than conservative antibiotic management: a meta-analysis of postintervention complications. J Infect [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jun 2018];70(2):105-10. Disponible en: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/91373/8/Antibiotics%20for%20appendicitis%2020082014.pdf

  49. Flum DR. Clinical practice. Acute appendicitis: appendectomy or the "antibiotics first" strategy. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2015 [citado 20 Jul 2018];14;372(20):1937-43. Disponible en: https://pingpong.ki.se/public/pp/public_courses/course12538/published/ 1486636900854/resourceId/20272024/content/UploadedResources/Op%20eller%20Ab.pdf

  50. Sartelli M, Viale P, Catena F, et al. 2013 World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg [Internet]. 2013[citado 20 Jul 2018];8:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7922-8-3. Disponible en: https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1749-7922-8-3

  51. Davidson GH, Flum DR, Talan DA, Kessler LG, Lavallee DC, Bizzell BJ, et al. Comparison of Outcomes of antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) trial: a protocol for the pragmatic randomised study of appendicitis treatment. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jul 2018];7:e016117. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016117. Disponible en: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/11/e016117

  52. Clouet Huerta DE, Guerrero BC, Gómez LE. Plastrón apendicular y manejo clínico actual: una decisión a reconsiderar. A propósito de un caso. Rev Chilena Cir [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jun 2018];69(1):65-8. Disponible en: http://appswl.elsevier.es/publicaciones/ item/pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&pii=S0379389316300990&origen=zonadelectura&web=zonadelectura&urlApp=http://www.elsevier.es&estadoItem=S300&idiomaItem=es&textMensaje=Documento%20descargado%20de%20http://www.elsevier.es%20el%2021-03-2018.

  53. Vergara Dagobeth E, Muñoz Ortiz M, Vergara García DA. Plastrón apendicular secundario a apendicitis aguda forma clínica atípica de presentación: un reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura. REVISALUD Unisucre [Internet]. 2013 [citado 20 Jul 2018];1(2):116-21. Disponible en: http://revistas.unisucre.edu.co/index.php/revisalud/article/ download/108/108

  54. Rodríguez A, Pereyra S, Chaparro L, Brito N. Manejo percutáneo de la apendicitis aguda no complicada en forma de absceso en edad no pediátrica. Rev Imagenol. 2da. Ep. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jul 2018];20(2):65-8. Disponible en: http://sriuy.org.uy/ojs/ index.php/Rdi/article/view/8/20S

  55. Vargas Ávila AL, de Luna Jiménez S, Palacio Vélez F, Vargas Flores J, Lombardini Tolentino PJ, Sánchez Pacheco J. Técnica de apendicectomía en apendicitis complicada para preservación del ciego. Cirujano General [Internet]. 2017[citado 20 Jun 2018];39(4):221-5. Disponible en: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/cirgen/cg-2017/cg174e.pdf

  56. Liu ZF, Yu JC, Hsieh HF, Lin CH. Apendicitis perforada: urgencia o cirugía de intervalo? Zentralbl Chir. 2007;132(6):539-41. PMID: 18098082. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981369.

  57. Darwazeh G, Cunningham SC, Kowdley GC. A Systematic Review of Perforated Appendicitis and Phlegmon: Interval Appendectomy or Wait-and-See? Am Surg [Internet]. 2016 [citado 20 Jun 2018];82(1):11-5. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/26802841

  58. Gandy RC, Wang F. Should the non-operative management of appendicitis be the new standard of care? ANZ J Surg [Internet]. 2016 [citado 20 Jun 2018];86:228-31. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ans.13506

  59. Roesch-Dietlen F, Pérez-Morales AG, Romero-Sierra G, Remes-Troche JM, Jiménez-García VA. Nuevos paradigmas en el manejo de la apendicitis. Cir Gen [Internet]. 2012 [citado 20 Jun 2018];34(2):143-9. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php? script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-00992012000200011&lng=es

  60. Souza-Gallardo LM, Martínez-Ordaz JL. Tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 20 Jun 2018];55(1):76-81. Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/html/4577/457749297020/




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com