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2020, Number 1

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salud publica mex 2020; 62 (1)

Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in Mexican hospitals

Miranda-Novales MG, Flores-Moreno K, López-Vidal Y, Rodríguez-Álvarez M, Solórzano-Santos F, Soto-Hernández JL, Ponce de León-Rosales S
Full text How to cite this article

Language: English
References: 15
Page: 42-49
PDF size: 290.33 Kb.


Key words:

antibacterianos, farmacorresistencia microbiana, uso de medicamentos.

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Establecer la situación actual de la resistencia antimicrobiana y el consumo de antibióticos en hospitales mexicanos. Material y métodos. Se colectaron datos de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de sangre y orina. Se calculó la dosis diaria definida (DDD) del consumo de antibióticos/100 estancias. Resultados. Periodo de estudio de 2016 a 2017. De 4 382 aislamientos en sangre, E. coli y K. pneumoniae fueron las más frecuentes, con resistencia ›30% a la mayoría de las drogas evaluadas; sólo para carbapenémicos y amikacina la resistencia fue ‹20%. A. baumannii tuvo resistencia ›20% a todos los fármacos. La resistencia a oxacilina en S. aureus fue de 20%. De 12 151 aislamientos en urocultivos, 90% correspondió a E. coli; la resistencia a ciprofloxacina, cefalosporinas y trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol fue ›50%, con buena susceptibilidad a nitrofurantoína, amikacina y carbapenémicos. La mediana del consumo global de antibióticos en DDD/100 estancias fue de 57.2. Conclusiones. Este reporte muestra el nivel elevado de resistencia en bacilos Gram-negativos y brinda una perspectiva de la gravedad del problema del consumo de antibióticos.


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salud publica mex. 2020;62