Díaz CLEO, Fernández V, Pombo T, Modenutti C, Briend MS

Language: Spanish
References: 21
Page: 70-79
PDF size: 514.02 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune diseases have multiple manifestations in stomatology, among the most frequent is oral lichen planus (LPO), it is a chronic disease with clinical manifestations in skin and mucous membranes. It is grouped into two anatomoclinic forms, the benign evolutionary course identified as typical and susceptible to malignant transformation, identified as atypical. Histologically, vacuolar degeneration of the basal stratum of the epithelium is the pathognomonic histomorphological sign followed by cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is an essential event among cell cycle phenomena, it happens in order to eliminate damaged or useless cells. Of all the proteins involved, caspases are responsible for the execution of this mechanism, especially caspase-3 for fragmenting and activating other caspases responsible for proteolysis. The potential for malignant transformation of the LPO could be related to the failure of this mechanism to regulate the cycle of attacked epithelial cells and the persistence of damaged cells. This research work aimed to analyze the presence and proportion of apoptosis in the different variants of LPO with routine histological techniques and subsequent application of immunohistochemistry, using caspase as a marker 3. 20 LPO biopsies from 5 clinical varieties were obtained 9 typical variants (VT): 5 plate, 4 reticular and 11 atypical variants (VA): 2 atrophic, 6 erosive, 3 ampoules. The evaluation method was semi-quantitative considering the percentage, making a cell count of a total of 100 cells, in five large-scale fields considering the following categories according to absence, mild presence (‹ 10%), moderate (10 ≤ 25%), intense (25 ≤ 50%), not valuable. We found a good correlation of histological changes and the degree of expression of the marker used to highlight apoptosis, especially with the atypical variant LPO samples. In the cases of atypical variants of lichen observed, compared with routine staining (H/E) we find equality or a decrease in some cases of the number of apoptotic keratinocytes. For clinical variants considered «typical» it was observed that the cell count in apoptosis was significantly increased. We obtained excellent results with the caspase 3 immunomarker coinciding with the literature of its high sensitivity as a resource to quantify the number of apoptosis in these oral lesions.

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