Matos-Alviso LJ, Reyes-Gómez U, Comas-García A, Luévanos-Velázquez A, Reyes-Hernández KL, Guerrero-Becerra M, López-Cruz G, Arista-Viveros A, Martínez-Medina L, De Lara-Huerta J, Hernández-Lira I, Aguilar-Figueroa ES

Language: Spanish
References: 21
Page: 9-14
PDF size: 305.59 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The coronaviruses discovered until very few decades ago, are RNA viruses that arise sometimes in different areas of the world, circulate between humans and animals (cattle, pigs, rodents, cats, dogs, dromedaries, birds, bats and pangolins). Responsible for causing a wide variety of diseases, such as the common cold and diarrheal diseases (in infants) to cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI) from mild to severe. Coronaviruses that infect animals can evolve and transmit to people in the form of zoonoses, such as very recently the new COVID-19 coronavirus (from Pangolin to human), discovered in Wuhan China, conditioned by various factors that include: Feeding and the environment where the human being develops, the climate and the season of the year in which it is presented, economic and social conditions, level of education and hygiene practices among others.
The diagnosis is made with the presence of clinical symptoms consistent with virus infection, the seasonal time of the year and the geographical region with a history of risk of contracting the infection. For the SARS virus, MERS-COV and the recent COVID-19, the diagnosis is based on the specific symptoms for the disease and the history of having traveled to the Asian continent or having been in contact with someone exposed to the virus in the last 14 days prior to the onset of the disease. Only patients who depend on these criteria are tested for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), to identify the disease, nasal and pharyngeal sample.
There is currently no specific treatment tested, its management is symptomatic with monitoring of its complications. Pneumonia with respiratory diffi culty being the most serious. Specific vaccines and studies with antivirals are underway.

REFERENCES

1. Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Nuevo coronavirus de 2019 (2019-nCoV). Wuhan, China. Resumen de la situación consultado el 19 de enero de 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- nCov/summary.html

2. Género Coronavirus – Portales de temas de salud – Infomed 1999-2020.

3. Chan, J.F.W., Lau, S.K.P., To, K.K.W., Cheng, V.C.C. Woo, P.C.Y., Yuen, K. Middle Wast Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Another Zoonotic Betacoronavirus Causing SARS-Like Disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews,2015.28 (2),465-522.

4. Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai A, Zhou J et al. Epidemiology, gentetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronavirus. Trends Micorbiol. 2016; 24 (6):490-502.

5. Organization WH. Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confi rmed cases of Middle East respiratory síndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: interim guidance: update October 2019. World Health Organization; 2019.

6. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Nuevo Coronavirus Brotes. 2020.

7. Coronaviruses: genoma structure, replication, and pathogenesis Yu Chen, Qianyun Liu, DeyinGuo. https//onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.2568.

8. Shen Yongyi y Xiao Lihua El Pangolin, el animal que podría ser el transmisor del nuevo coronavirus 2019. Universidad Agricola del Sur de China en Guangzhou.

9. CDC. Coronavirus Types.Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/types.html.

10. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet Lond Engl.30 de enero de 2020.

11. Saif Ll. Animal coronavirus: lessons for SARS (internet). National Academies Press (US) ;2004 (citado 6 de febrero de 2020). Disponible en: https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92442.

12. Cui J, Li F, Shi Z-L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol.2019;17(3): 181-92.

13. Chan JF-W, Yuan S, Kok K-H, To KK-W, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating perdón-to-person transmisión: a study of a family cluster. Lancet Lond Engel.24 de enero de 2020.

14. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.N Engel J Med (Internet). 29 de enero de 2020 (citado 6 de febrero de 2020); Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.

15. Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends. 28 de enero de 2020.

16. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Lond Engl.30 de enero de 2020.

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Real-Time RT-PCR Panel for Detection 2019-Novel Coronavirus (Internt). 2020 febrero. Disponible en: https//www.cdc. gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/rt-pcr-panelfordetection- instructions.pdf.

18. Tratamiento:(https://drive. google. com/open?id=1jqU_7oJTBOKQJmxveUUDvObvkilUjlJH)

19. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Won J, Brown AJ, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferón beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. 10 de enero de 2020; 11 (1):222.

20. Li H, Wang YM, Xu JY, Cao B. (Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus). Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis. 5 de febrero de 2020; 43 (0): E002.

21. OMS Nuevo Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) orientaciones para el público. (https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus2019/ advice-for-public).