medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-6800 (Print)

2020, Number S2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Traspl 2020; 9 (S2)

Extrapulmonary manifestations in COVID-19. Are we standing against the latest great imitator?

Rodríguez-Armida M, Nava-Santana CA

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 167-172
PDF size: 264.44 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Since the disease was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019, until it was finally determined as a pandemic in March 2020, the mechanisms associated with tissue damage present in COVID-19 patients have become clearer. The pulmonary involvement has been widely characterized and even though the histological damage observed has been related to direct viral cytopathic effect, it has also been associated with the dysregulated inflammation and coagulation observed in these patients. The cytopathic effect, is caused by the interaction between the S (spike) protein with the angiotensin converter enzyme 2, with the resultant apoptosis of the lung epithelial cells. Although this has been proven important for the lungs, COVID-19 has shown its capacity to affect virtually any organ of patients with this disease, while some of them develop multiple organ failure associated with their critical state, new information has been obtained that shows that there are other types of disturbances directly related to this virus and disease. The renal, hepatic, cardiac, neurologic and dermatologic manifestations have been appropriately described and some of them have even been related to worse outcomes, and though not all of them have been directly proven to be associated with damage specifically produced by SARS-CoV-2, it highlights the importance to consider that this is a multisystemic disease.


REFERENCES

  1. Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Li E, Xu RH. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci. 2020; 16 (10): 1753-1766.

  2. Soirdia Jr JA. Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19: a review of current literature. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127: 1-29.

  3. Tay MT, Poh CM, Réina L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8.

  4. Fortarezza F, Pezzuto F. COVID-19 nephropathy: what could pathologist say? J Nephropathol. 2020; 9 (4): e32. doi: 10.34172/jnp.2020.32.

  5. Li H, Liu L, Zhang D, Xu J, Dai, H, Tang N et al. SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses. Lancet. 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30920-X.

  6. South AM, Tomilson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S, Sparks MA. Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4.

  7. Tian S, Xiong Y, Liu H, Guo J, Liao M, Xiao SY. Pathological study if the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0536-x.

  8. Chai X, Hu L, Zhang Y et al. Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection. bioRxiv. 2020. [Preprint] doi: 10.1101/2020.02.03.931766.

  9. Brojakowska A, Narula J, Shimony R, Bander J. Clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with renin angiotensin system. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.028.

  10. Mubarak M, Nasri H. COVID-19 nephropathy; an emerging condition caused by novel coronavirus infection. J Nephropathol. 2020; 9 (3): e21. doi: 10.34172/jnp.2020.21.

  11. Valizadeh R, Baradarn A, Mirzazadeh A, Bhaskar LVKS. Coronavirus-nephropathy; renal involvement in COVID-19. J Renal Inj Prev. 2020; 9 (2): e18.

  12. Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BCh, Chen JH, Jha V. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney Int. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.001.

  13. Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005.

  14. Pei G, Zhang Z, Peng J, Liu L, Zhang Ch, Yu Ch et al. Renal involvement and early prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020030276.

  15. Diao B, Wang Ch, Wang R, Feng Z, Tan Y, Wang H et al. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. medRxiv [preprint]. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20031120.

  16. Kissling S, Rotman S, Gerber C, Halfon M, Lamoth F, Comte D et al. Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID-19 patient. Kidney Int. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.006.

  17. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 17]. Available in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32109013

  18. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.

  19. Akhmerov A, Marbán E. COVID-19 and the heart. Circ Res. 2020. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317055.

  20. Mao L, Jin H, Hu Y, Chen Sh, He Q, Chang J et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.

  21. Carod-Artal FJ. Complicaciones neurológicas por coronavirus y COVID-19. Rev Neurol. 2020; 70 (9): 311-322.

  22. Galván Casas C, Català A, Carretero Hernández G et al. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2020. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19163.

  23. Akalin E, Azzi Y, Bartash R, Seethamraju H, Parides M, Hemmige V et al. Covid-19 and kidney transplantation [Letter to the Editor] N Engl J Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2011117.

  24. Levi M, Thachil J, Iba T, Levy JH. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3016(20)30145-9.

  25. Becker RC. COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020; 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3.

  26. Connors J, Levy J. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood. 2020. doi: 10.1182/blood.20200006000.

  27. Zou F, Yu T, Du R et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395: 1054-1062.

  28. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prongnosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromn Haemost. 2020; 18: 844-847.

  29. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395: 497-506.

  30. Klok FA, Kriup M, van der Meer NJM et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020. doi.ogrg/j.thromres.2020.04.013.

  31. Poissy J, Goutay J, Caplan M et al. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence. Circulation. 2020. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com