Table 3: Echocardiographic findings

according to diastolic dysfunction grade.

Parameter

NDF

DD 1

DD 2

DD 3

p

N

105 (42%)

50 (20%)

57 (23%)

36 (15%)

 

Echocardiographic parameters

LVEF (%)

57 ± 9.0

46 ± 9.0

42 ± 10.0

39 ± 13.0

< 0.001

E/A ratio

1 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.2

1 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.8

< 0.001

e’

8.1 ± 1.5

6.9 ± 1.7

6.2 ± 2.1

6 ± 1.8

< 0.001

E/e´ ratio

9.1 ± 2.7

8.7 ± 2.7

14 ± 5.5

18.5 ± 8.7

< 0.001

LAVI

23.4 ± 6.8

25.3 ± 7.5

31.8 ± 9.6

39.8 ± 14

< 0.001

TR Vmax

2.2 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 0.5

2.6 ± 0.6

2.9 ± 0.6

< 0.001

LARS (%)

38.8 ± 12.0

29.7 ± 7.0

22.3 ± 8.0

15.7 ± 9.0

< 0.001

LACS (%)

22.1 ± 9.0

11.8 ± 5.0

11.6 ± 5.0

9.1 ± 4.0

< 0.001

LAPS (%)

16.5 ± 7.0

17.9 ± 6.0

10.7 ± 5.0

6.5 ± 6.0

< 0.001

NDF = normal diastolic function,

DD = diastolic dysfunction,

LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction,

LAVI = left atrial volume index,

TR Vmax = tricuspid regurgitation velocity,

LARS = left atrial reservoir function,

LACS = left atrial conduction strain,

LAPS = left atrial pump function.