Table 3: Comparative outcomes in groups studied with respect to amount of bleeding.

Study

Intervention group (ball)

Non-intervention group (no ball)

Bleeding (mL)

Time (min)

Bleeding (mL)

Time (min)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Ioscovich A

2023

1,060

296.64

119

29.41

4,400

2,787

149.81

47.69

Hao Z

2016

1,247.2

67.1

213.3

8.9

1,526.1

69.9

248.30

7.00

Zeng C

2017

1,467.71

1,075.77

92.19

32.5

2,218.42

1,572.2

119.47

59.37

Filho S

2019

1,193

679

332

70

2,273.4

Huo F

2021

3,167.65

3,255.71

2,831.25

1,906.03

Kaneda H

2017

510

178

116-300*

350

165.50

57-686

727.5

157.5

156-218*

390

160

52-366*

Kyozuka H

2023

1,110

144

112-163*

2,160

146

126-164*

Papillon-

Smith J

2020

1,713

181

353

14.00

1,874

245

227

13.00

Ye Y

2023

1,370.5

752

96.3

37.6

3,536.8

1,383.2

160.60

45.50

Wu Q

2016

921

199

64.1

5.1

2,790

335

92.10

9.70

Peng W

2020

1,967.66

1,466.64

191.05

59.4

1,338.18

1,286.14

153.02

57.33

Zhao X

2016

437.23

54.32

193.28

63.47

1,846.45

87.56

273.63

73.31

Duan X

2018

597

359

63.8

12.3

2,687

575

118.80

22.40

Wang Y

2020

620

570

65.3

14.5

2,687

575

Peng Y

2020

1,504.17

1,123.44

158.44

57.32

1,108.04

1,008.32

104.20

46.22

Zhao Z

2020

1,000

185

100-500*

1,350

260

180-600*

Zangh Y

2018

2,000

215

110-430*

2,650

225

115-340*

* Range.

SD = Standard deviation.