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Table 7: Echocardiographic findings in patients with complicated infected endocarditis (IE). |
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Survivors N = 28 n (%) |
Non-survivors N = 32 n (%) |
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Affected valve (isolated involvement) |
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Aortic |
5 (17.9) |
6 (18.7) |
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Mitral |
4 (14.2) |
3 (9.4) |
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Tricuspid |
7 (25.0) |
4 (12.5) |
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Pulmonary |
– |
3 (9.4) |
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Non-valvular involved structures* |
7 (25.0) |
3 (9.4) |
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Multiple valves affected |
5 (17.9) |
14 (43.7) |
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Regurgitation or paravalvular leak |
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Moderate |
11 (39.3) |
15 (47.0) |
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Severe |
12 (43.0) |
14 (43.7) |
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Obstruction or stenosis |
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Severe |
2 (7.1) |
2 (6.2) |
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Haemodynamic disturbances not related to IE |
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AV moderate to severe regurgitation |
3 (10.7) |
13 (40.6) |
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Presence of multiple vegetations |
10 (35.7) |
14 (43.7) |
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Local complications** |
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Valve perforation |
8 (28.5) |
10 (31.2) |
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Chord tendon rupture |
2 (7.1) |
1 (3.1) |
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Papillary muscle rupture |
– |
1 (3.1) |
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Abscess |
2 (7.1) |
6 (18.7) |
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Extension to adjacent structures |
2 (7.1) |
7 (21.9) |
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Fistula |
1 (3.6) |
3 (9.4) |
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Prosthetic valve dehiscence |
1 (3.6) |
6 (18.7) |
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Vegetations size*** |
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Size between 10 to 20 mm |
19 (68.0) |
21 (65.6) |
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Greater than 20 mm |
7 (25.0) |
5 (15.6) |
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* In one patient we found non-valvular structure and valve involvement simultaneously. ** In some cases, more than one local complication was detected in echocardiographic studies in same patient. *** Dimension from the major axis of the vegetation was taken into consideration for each case. Also, smaller vegetations were documented on few cases. |
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