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Table 2: Clinical features and cephalometric characteristics of macroglossia. |
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Dentofacial defomities |
Madibular prognathism |
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Class III molar |
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Anterior open bite |
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Increased maxillary spee curve |
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Transverse dimension of the maxillary and mandibular arch |
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Maxillary or mandibular diastema |
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Respiratory disorders |
Obstructive sleep apnea |
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Swallowing disturbances |
Atypical swallowing |
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Difficulty in chewing and swallowing |
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Alterations in phonation |
Bilabial phonemes (P and B) |
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Alveolar occlusive phonemes (T and D) |
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Alveolar fricatives (S and Z) |
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Physical appearance |
Retardation appearance due to hypersalivation, dyslalia, and tongue protrusion |
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Radiology and cephalometrics |
Anterior open bite |
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Mandibular or bilmaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion |
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Proinclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors |
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Excessive mandibular growth with dentoalveolar protrusion |
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Decreased oropharyngeal airway |
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Open gonial angle |
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Increased angle of the mandibular plane |
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