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Table 1: Morphological classification of Cardillo’s tracheal rupture.1,4 |
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Grade |
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I |
Mucosal or submucosal rupture without mediastinal emphysema or esophageal perforation |
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II |
Rupture extending into the muscle wall with subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema without esophageal perforation or mediastinitis |
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IIIA |
Complete rupture with mediastinal or esophageal soft tissue herniation without esophageal perforation or mediastinitis |
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IIIB |
Any rupture with esophageal perforation or mediastinitis |