Table 1: Studies reporting cases of

femoral avulsion fracture at

the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Author

Patterson

et al.4

Mio

et al.6

Hirotsu

et al.5

Maehara

et al.7

Current

case

Journal

(year)

Skeletal

Radiology

(2014)

JBIS Am (2016)

Journal

of Medical

Case

Reports

(2019)

JBIS Am

(2004)

Age (years)

14

51

15

26

14

Gender

Male

Male

Male

Male

Female

Sports

Wrestling

NR

Soccer

Skiing

Gymnastic

Mechanism

Indirect

trauma

Direct trauma (motorcycle accident)

Direct

trauma

(Soccer)

Indirect

trauma

Indirect

trauma

Associated

injuries

No

ACL tear, PCL tear, MCL tear, fracture of inferior pole of the patella and anterolateral corner of the tibial plateu fracture

MCL,

PCL

partial

tear

No

No

Treatment

Non-

operative

ORIF

ORIF

ORIF

Non-

operative

Evolution/

complication

Good/No

Good-Grade-3 posterior instability and grade-3 anterior instability remained because of the insufficiency of the PCL and the ACL, for which a second-stage reconstruction is planned

Good/

posterior

drawer test

slightly

positive

Good/No

Good/No

Return

to Sports

Two

months

NR

NR

Three months

ACL = Anterior cruciate ligament.

MCL = Medial collateral ligament.

NR = Not reported in the study.

ORIF = Open reduction internal fixation.

PCL = Posterior cruciate ligament.