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Table 5: Nail pathology, structural deformities, and hyperkeratosis. |
|
|
Finding |
Patients n (%) |
|
Nail pathology |
|
|
Onychocryptosis (ingrown nail) |
201 (66.6) |
|
Onychogryphosis/pachyonychia (thickened nail) |
101 (33.4) |
|
Xanthonychia (yellow nail discoloration) |
100 (33.1) |
|
Pincer nail |
48 (15.9) |
|
Melanonychia (black nail) |
30 (9.9) |
|
Anonychia (absent nail) |
4 (1.3) |
|
Digital deformities |
|
|
Claw toe deformity |
97 (32.1) |
|
Hallux valgus |
123 (40.7) |
|
Crossed toes |
13 (4.3) |
|
Hyperkeratosis (callus formation) by region |
|
|
Dorsal |
255 (84.4) |
|
Plantar (beneath metatarsal heads) |
133 (44.0) |
|
Digital tip |
63 (20.9) |
|
Interdigital |
40 (13.2) |
|
Any region |
273 (90.4) |
|
All findings reported at the patient level (n = 302). A patient was classified as positive for any finding if present in at least one toe of either foot. Hyperkeratosis assessed by region: dorsal (dorsum of toes), plantar (beneath metatarsal heads), digital tip, and interdigital spaces. |
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