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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2021, Número 12

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2021; 89 (12)


Prevalencia de depresión posparto y factores asociados en usuarias de un hospital público de Acapulco, Guerrero, México

Genchi-Gallardo FJ, Paredes-Juárez S, Solano-González NL, Rios-Rivera CE, Paredes-Solís S, Andersson N

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 927-936
Archivo PDF: 203.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de depresión posparto y los factores asociados en usuarias del Hospital General Progreso, Acapulco, Guerrero, México.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal de serie de casos. El instrumento para medir la depresión fue un cuestionario que incluyó la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo (EPDS por sus siglas en inglés). Además, a las pacientes se les preguntaron sus datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes de control prenatal, historial obstétrico, atención del parto y otros datos relacionados con su pareja. Mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado se estimaron los factores asociados con la depresión posparto.
Resultados: Se analizaron 485 pacientes con media de edad de 24.6 años y límites de 14 y 43 años. La prevalencia de depresión posparto fue de 16%. En el modelo final del análisis multivariado los factores asociados con la depresión posparto fueron: complicaciones en el parto (IC95%:1.61-6.54), antecedente de alcoholismo antes del embarazo (IC95%:1.17- 3.30) y recibir apoyo emocional del esposo durante el embarazo (IC95%: 0.17-0.68).
Conclusiones: El antecedente de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, previo al embarazo, y tener alguna complicación del parto, fueron indicios de posible aparición de depresión posparto. Quienes la padecieron tuvieron la referencia temprana a los servicios de Psicología. La pareja debe estar informada que su apoyo emocional ayuda a reducir el riesgo de depresión posparto en la paciente.


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