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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2021, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2021; 24 (1)


Estado actual de métodos alternativos, de control de hongos y su efecto en la calidad postcosecha de frutos de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum)

Rodríguez-Guzmán CA, Montaño-Leyva B, Velázquez-Estrada RM, Sánchez-Burgos JA, García-Magaña ML, González-Estrada RR, Gutiérrez-Martínez P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 116
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 246.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los tomates en la industria alimentaria son fundamentales por su sabor y alto valor nutricional. Para México, es de gran importancia económica por la generación de empleos directos e indirectos. Por esto la calidad postcosecha es fundamental, y puede verse alterada por condiciones como: temperatura, transporte y almacenamiento al provocar el desarrollo de hongos patógenos, que deterioran su calidad e impiden la comercialización del producto con pérdidas económicas. La principal estrategia de control son los fungicidas sintéticos, sin embargo, aunque son eficaces, afectan negativamente al medio ambiente y a los seres humanos al desarrollar cepas resistentes. Motivo por el que, los consumidores demandan constantemente productos seguros y sin residuos. Esta revisión muestra un panorama general de los métodos de control aplicados a los frutos de jitomate durante la etapa de postcosecha y plantea su aplicación, como una alternativa al uso de fungicidas, ellos son: los tratamientos térmicos, la luz ultravioleta, las sales orgánicas e inorgánicas, el quitosano, el metil jasmonato, el ácido salicílico, los extractos vegetales, los aceites esenciales y los microorganismos; considerados como sistemas ecológicos seguros y económicos que protegen contra los fitopatógenos, aumentan la vida útil y conservan la calidad de los frutos.


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