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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2021, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2021; 24 (1)


Nanoanticuerpos: desarrollo biotecnológico y aplicaciones

Ortega-Portilla PA, Cancino-Villeda L, Coronado-Aceves EW, Espitia-Pinzón C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 88
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 342.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los anticuerpos monoclonales son una de las herramientas más revolucionarias en el área de la biomedicina por tener aplicaciones inmunoterapéuticas e inmunodiagnósticas. Sin embargo, el rápido avance tecnológico que demandan estas áreas genera la exploración de nuevas biomoléculas. El descubrimiento de anticuerpos compuestos únicamente por cadenas pesadas, presentes de forma natural en el suero de los camélidos y en algunas especies de tiburón, son motivo de estudio desde las últimas décadas como una alternativa a los anticuerpos convencionales. Estos poseen una región de reconocimiento antigénico, que consiste en un dominio variable por cada cadena, conocidos como anticuerpos de un solo dominio o nanoanticuerpos. Estas biomoléculas se caracterizan por tener un tamaño reducido, alta especificidad, estabilidad y bajo costo en su producción; propiedades que las convierten en una herramienta altamente versátil. En la presente revisión se abordarán aspectos relevantes de los nanoanticuerpos, como su descubrimiento, características estructurales, desarrollo en el campo de la biotecnología y su potencial de aplicación en enfermedades como el cáncer y en la identificación de microorganismos.


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