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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2023, Número 5

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salud publica mex 2023; 65 (5)


Diferencias rurales y urbanas en ocupación de vida y su influencia en la mortalidad en adultos mexicanos

Gutiérrez M, Wong R, Kuo Yong-Fang

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 513-522
Archivo PDF: 357.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Determinar cómo el tipo de ocupación principal a lo largo de la vida se asocia con la mortalidad y cómo varía la relación según la vivienda rural y urbana. Material y métodos. Los datos provienen del Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México 2001-2018 en adultos de 50 años o más (n=11 094). Se crearon cinco categorías de ocupación. Para predecir el riesgo de mortalidad de acuerdo con la ocupación se usaron modelos proporcionales de Cox utilizando covariables de la encuesta basal. Resultados. Tanto en entornos rurales como urbanos, los participantes con trabajos manuales, como agricultura y trabajos de producción/ industriales, tenían un mayor riesgo de mortalidad en comparación con aquéllos con trabajos administrativos/ profesionales. En comunidades urbanas, los participantes en las categorías de trabajo doméstico/servicio y sin trabajo principal tenían mayor riesgo de mortalidad que los de la categoría administrativo/profesional. Entre los hombres se mantuvieron estas diferencias, pero no entre las mujeres. Conclusiones. En un contexto de cambios demográficos rurales y urbanos, es crucial considerar las implicaciones que la ocupación como factor socioeconómico puede tener en la salud e identificar los grupos más vulnerables.


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