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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2024, Número 06

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Med Int Mex 2024; 40 (06)


Repercusiones y riesgos de salud debidos a la exposición al arsénico

Gutiérrez JL, Reyna SK, Cota PC, Sosa UB, López RCA, Torres BO

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 356-364
Archivo PDF: 218.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: El arsénico es un metaloide omnipresente, altamente tóxico, que puede deteriorar la calidad de vida o causar la muerte. Se encuentra puro o en combinación con otros metales en concentraciones traza en todos los ambientes naturales y en concentraciones altas en mantos acuíferos profundos; además, distintos entornos son contaminados de manera acelerada por procesos antropogénicos.
Objetivos: Describir los efectos biológicos, citotóxicos y genotóxicos del arsénico en el humano.
Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica simple. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de: PubMed, Clinical-key, Google Académico y Toxichem Krimtech. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés, español y alemán publicados de 1993 al 2021, nacionales e internacionales. Se utilizaron las palabras: As, arsénico, inorgánico, genotoxicidad, citotoxicidad, toxicidad, intoxicación, epigenética, exposición, micronúcleos, biomarcadores, daño al ADN, humano.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 56 artículos. Millones de personas están expuestas al arsénico. Las formas inorgánicas, específicamente la trivalente, son las más perjudiciales. Este metaloide causa varias enfermedades, principalmente por el estrés oxidativo.
Conclusiones: El arsénico es un problema de salud pública internacional que afecta a millones de personas. Esta problemática no se trata con las medidas necesarias para mitigar los efectos nocivos de este metaloide.


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