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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


Diversidad genética del Complejo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implicaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas

Gómez-Velasco A, Molina-Torres CA, Vera-Cabrera L, Bencomo-Alerm A, Muñoz-Jiménez SG, Sánchez-Pérez HJ, Gordillo-Marroquín C, Córdova-Solis CD, Enríquez-Ríos N, Nuñez ODB, Sánchez-Oropeza C, Nájera OJC, Rodríguez SRA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 243.35 Kb.


RESUMEN

El complejo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMTB) es uno de los patógenos con mayor éxito evolutivo por su alta transmisión en las poblaciones humanas. En el 2022, la OMS estimó que aproximadamente 10.6 millones de personas desarrollaron la fase activa de la enfermedad, principalmente la forma pulmonar (tuberculosis pulmonar, TBP), y alrededor de 1.6 millones, más, fallecieron debido a la tuberculosis (TB). Diversas técnicas con base en el genotipo y la secuencia del genoma deThe genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: clinical and epidemiological outcomes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) han permitido entender su historia evolutiva y comprender las causas de su propagación mundial. El análisis y las comparaciones de la secuencia de los genomas completos indican que el CMTB se compone de nueve linajes, algunos están específicamente adaptados a los humanos y otros a los animales. La presencia de la mayoría de los linajes en África, hace de este continente el origen del CMTB. Los estudios del genoma del CMTB también han hecho posible la identificación de los genes implicados en su virulencia y patogenicidad, así como en el largo proceso co-evolutivo con su principal hospedero, el ser humano. En esta revisión se describe la diversidad genotípica y fenotípica del CMTB y sus implicaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas.


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