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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


La citocina TGF-β en el cáncer colorrectal: mecanismos de acción y de secreción

Lara-Salas MA, García-Díaz PO, Mendoza-Lara DF, Sosa-Garrocho M, Pérez-Calixto MP, Mota-López AC, Soldevila G, Robles-Flores M, Macías-Silva M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 99
Paginas: 1-18
Archivo PDF: 952.53 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer colorrectal (CRC) es uno de los más agresivos y letales en el humano, su incidencia aumenta por los malos hábitos alimenticios y un estilo de vida sedentario. Las alteraciones genómicas que afecan la función de diversas vías de señalización contribuyen al desarrollo de este tipo de cáncer. El factor de crecimiento transformante β (TGF-β) es una citocina multifuncional con diversos efectos biológicos, incluido el control de la homeostasis tisular; sin embargo, los cambios inusuales en sus funciones favorecen el desarrollo de patologías como la fibrosis y el cáncer. En estadios tempranos del CRC, el TGF-β ejerce efectos supresores de tumores, pero en etapas avanzadas promueve la progresión tumoral, por lo que es considerado un importante blanco terapéutico. Esta revisión describe y analiza los mecanismos potenciales de acción y de secreción de la citocina TGF-β en el microambiente tumoral del CRC, y sus efectos biológicos sobre las líneas cancerosas humanas del CRC: SW480 (tumor primario) y SW620 (tumor metastásico), las cuales provienen del mismo paciente y muestran un alto grado de malignidad. Estas células se caracterizan por sintetizar y secretar altas cantidades de la citocina TGF-β, expresan a los principales componentes de su vía de señalización como los receptores y sus efectores, con excepción de la proteína SMAD4; además se conoce parte de la composición de las vesículas extracelulares secretadas por estas células, así como sus efectos biológicos en diferentes células blanco, por lo que las células SW480 y SW620 representan un modelo biológico ideal para estudiar las acciones del TGF-β en las etapas avanzadas del CRC.


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