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2022, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (3)


Predictores de mortalidad precoz en el mieloma múltiple de nuevo diagnóstico

Figueredo PYE, Cuétara LEB, Pérez BMJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 1-16
Archivo PDF: 489.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El mieloma múltiple es una neoplasia maligna de células B caracterizada por una proliferación clonal incontrolada de células plasmáticas. Se define como mortalidad precoz en el mieloma múltiple de nuevo diagnóstico, al porcentaje de muerte que ocurre dentro de los primeros seis meses y afecta entre el 10 y 14 % de los casos. Los biomarcadores han evolucionado desde la caracterización del tumor hasta el reconocimiento de las aberraciones cromosómicas y moleculares que desempeñan un papel en la supervivencia.
Objetivo: Describir los principales predictores identificados con relación a la mortalidad precoz y su función en la patogénesis de la enfermedad.
Métodos: Se analizó la literatura científica publicada. Se utilizaron motores de búsqueda como Google Scholar, PubMed y ScienceDirect. Se consultaron un total de 80 artículos y se incluyeron 52, en su mayoría de los últimos cinco años.
Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se evidenciaron mecanismos genéticos y epigenéticos que contribuyen de manera decisiva en la mortalidad precoz de pacientes con mieloma múltiple de nuevo diagnóstico.
Conclusiones: El aumento del riesgo de mortalidad precoz en pacientes con mieloma múltiple de nuevo diagnóstico está asociado a factores clínicos y biológicos, por lo que existe la necesidad de estratificación de los pacientes para un manejo personalizado que impone el uso de datos clínicos y biológicos de una forma integrada.


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