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2025, Número 2

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Salud Mental 2025; 48 (2)


Adaptation and Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Stigma towards Mental Health Problems in Children among Health Professionals

Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Martínez-Vélez NA, Arroyo-Belmonte M, Gaytán-Flores FI

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 99-109
Archivo PDF: 291.20 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. Una de las principales barreras que enfrentan los niños y adolescentes para recibir atención es el estigma. Objetivo. Evaluar la confiabilidad y validez de constructo del Cuestionario para Personal de Salud, así como determinar los indicadores de eficiencia de las viñetas clínicas que lo componen. Método. El Cuestionario para Personal de Salud (CPS), es un instrumento auto-administrado con 20 viñetas clínicas y 37 ítems, se aplicó a 2,477 profesionales de la salud, evaluando conocimiento, prejuicio e intenciones de discriminación como componentes del estigma. Se calcularon los valores de eficiencia para las viñetas clínicas presentadas, utilizando las evaluaciones de psiquiatras infantiles como estándar de oro. Se realizó un análisis de consistencia interna para determinar la validez de constructo. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) con el primer grupo (n=1250) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) con el segundo (n=1227). Resultados. La eficiencia de las viñetas clínicas obtuvo una tasa de acuerdo global entre los psiquiatras infantiles del 97%. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó seis dimensiones para prejuicio y una para intenciones de discriminación. En el AFC, los factores se comportaron de la misma manera, con cargas factoriales para los ítems y alfas similares. Discusión y conclusión. La investigación sobre el estigma hacia la salud mental infantil en personal sanitario es escasa, en parte por falta de instrumentos válidos y confiables. El CPS exploró eficazmente problemas de actitud (prejuicio) e intenciones de discriminación como aspectos del estigma hacia las enfermedades mentales en niños y adolescentes. El análisis de estos componentes en profesionales de la salud tiene implicaciones significativas en la atención de salud mental de los niños y adolescentes.


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