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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2025, Número 2

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salud publica mex 2025; 67 (2)


Encuesta de uso de antibióticos en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención en México

Zumaya-Estrada FA, Huerta-Icelo HI, González-Díaz E, Morfín-Otero MR, Garza-Ramos JU, Alpuche-Aranda CM

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 115-123
Archivo PDF: 281.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Analizar el uso de los antibióticos en un hospital de atención terciaria en México. Material y métodos. Se realizaron dos encuestas de prevalencia puntual, basadas en la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en un hospital de atención terciaria en Guadalajara, México. Se encuestaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes con prescripciones antibióticas activas (PAs) en salas médicas (MED), quirúrgicas (SUR), médico-quirúrgicas (MIX) y unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCIs). Se estimaron estadísticas descriptivas en el software Stata. Resultados. Se analizaron 929 PAs de 403 pacientes. La prevalencia hospitalaria del uso de antibióticos fue 47.5%. Los antibióticos se usaron más en UCIs (59.5%) y salas MIX (54.8%). Los principales motivos del uso de antibióticos fueron las infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad (45.2%) y las profilaxis preoperatorias (23.1%), mayormente multidosis y prolongadas (89.3%). Las PAs fueron principalmente empíricas (92.4%), parenterales (95.9%) y sin revisiones posteriores (30.3%). La realización de pruebas de cultivo de bacterias fue limitada (30.5%). Los antibióticos más usados fueron ceftriaxona (18.9%), clindamicina (8.5%) y meropenem (8.2%). La mayoría de PAs correspondieron a antibióticos Acceso (56.4%) y Vigilancia (35.6%) (AWaRe, OMS). Conclusión. Se revelaron patrones de prescripción frecuente de antibióticos de amplio-espectro y diferencias en su uso posiblemente relacionadas con los perfiles clínicos de los pacientes.


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