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Asociación Colombiana de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y cuello, Maxilofacial y Estética Facial (ACORL)

2025, Número 1

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Acta de Otorrinolaringología CCC 2025; 53 (1)


Perfil de uso de sedantes vestibulares para el tratamiento de vértigo periférico en Colombia

Campos-Mahecha AM, Rojas-Herrera LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 31-40
Archivo PDF: 503.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: el uso inadecuado de sedantes vestibulares se asocia a mayor riesgo de caídas, hospitalizaciones, costos, eventos adversos y peores resultados clínicos. Por lo tanto, es importante tener conocimiento acerca del consumo de los medicamentos y su variación en el tiempo. El objetivo fue establecer el perfil de uso de los sedantes vestibulares en el tratamiento ambulatorio de vértigo periférico en pacientes mayores de 18 años, asegurados al Sistema de Seguridad Social colombiano, desde julio del 2021 hasta junio 2022. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que utilizó información de una base de dispensación de medicamentos, donde se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y clínicas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado para establecer una posible relación entre los principios activos, polifarmacia, interacciones, sinergismo de suma y médico prescriptor. Resultados: se identificaron 22.776 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 56 años, donde el 64,65% corresponde al sexo femenino. En cuanto al perfil de uso de sedantes vestibulares, el dimenhidrinato fue el sedante vestibular con mayor dispensación en un 72,30% para indicaciones como vértigo paroxístico benigno y otros vértigos periféricos, seguido de betahistina 37,50%, difenhidramina 6,50% y meclizina 0,40%. El uso prolongado de cualquier sedante vestibular se presentó en el 7,0%, el 74,45% presentó polifarmacia y el sinergismo de sumación fue del 4,80%. Conclusión: la mayor prescripción en Colombia fue para el dimenhidrinato. Llama la atención el alto porcentaje de polifarmacia y el manejo farmacológico del vértigo paroxístico benigno, por lo que se sugiere un tratamiento individualizado, valorando las posibles reacciones adversas.


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