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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2025, Número 6

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2025; 93 (6)


Doppler uterino anormal como predictor de preeclampsia en embarazos de alto riesgo

Molina PCJ, Berumen LMG, Moreno ÁÓ, Borja VM, Amaya HLD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 191-202
Archivo PDF: 319.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Medir la asociación entre la anormalidad de la flujometría Doppler de las arterias y la ocurrencia de preeclampsia en mujeres mexicanas con embarazo de alto riesgo durante el segundo trimestre de la gestación.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, efectuado en pacientes con alguna comorbilidad y con 20 a 24 semanas de embarazo. En la medición del índice de pulsatilidad medio se consideró anormalidad un percentil ≥ 95. Se calculó la incidencia de preeclampsia y se consideraron los parámetros de: ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos y los desenlaces perinatales entre grupos (normal en contra de anormal). Se calcularon las diferencias entre medias con la prueba t Student y U de Mann-Whitney. La comparación de las diferentes proporciones se determinó con la prueba de la χ2 y la fuerza de asociación mediante razón de momios.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 82 pacientes divididas en dos grupos. Se registró mayor frecuencia de preeclampsia en el grupo con flujo Doppler uterino anormal (36% en comparación con 12.2%; p ‹ 0.001; RM 4.1; IC95%: 1.3-12.87). Complicaciones maternas: más ingresos a cuidados intensivos por preeclampsia en el grupo anormal (22% en comparación con 2.4%; p ‹ 0.001; RM 1.3; IC95%: 1.3-93.5). Desenlaces perinatales: mayor riesgo de bajo peso del recién nacido: p ‹ 10 (RM 3.5; IC95%: 1.4-9.1), p ‹ 3 (RM 3.3; IC95%: 3.3-9.8) e ingreso a cuidados intensivos neonatales (RM 1.2; IC95%: 1.1-1.5).
Conclusión: El flujo Doppler uterino anormal en el segundo trimestre se asocia, significativamente, con preeclampsia, complicaciones maternas graves (ingreso cuidados intensivos) y desenlaces neonatales adversos (bajo peso, ingreso a cuidados intensivos) en embarazos de alto riesgo obstétrico.


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