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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2025, Número 6

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2025; 93 (6)


Síndrome de ovario poliquístico y trastornos mentales: revisión paraguas

Espinoza Morales DI, Valenzuela GJ, Baltazar BMP, Estrada SCM, Zazueta CA, Lugo-Machado JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 221-239
Archivo PDF: 271.46 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: Diversos estudios han asociado el síndrome de ovario poliquístico con los trastornos mentales, especialmente centrados en la ansiedad y la depresión. No obstante, son limitadas las investigaciones que han examinado su vínculo con otros trastornos, como los alimentarios o del sueño.
Objetivo: Describir la relación entre síndrome de ovario poliquístico y trastornos mentales publicados en la bibliografía de los últimos cinco años.
Metodología: Revisión sistemática, independiente, efectuada por dos investigadores siguiendo la metodología PRISMA para evaluar la relación entre el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, ansiedad, depresión, trastornos alimentarios y el sueño. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos de PUBMED, Mendeley, Science Direct, y Google Académico, de artículos publicados entre enero del 2020 a septiembre del 2024.
Resultados: En diversos estudios se demuestra la existencia de una elevada prevalencia de trastornos mentales en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, destacan especialmente los cuadros de ansiedad y depresión. La ansiedad afecta, aproximadamente, al 37% de esa población mientras que la depresión coexiste hasta en un 42% con un riesgo relativo de depresión 2.58 veces mayor en comparación con mujeres sin síndrome de ovario poliquístico. En relación con los trastornos psiquiátricos está reportado que las mujeres con trastorno bipolar tienen una prevalencia de síndrome de ovario poliquístico que va del 4.2 al 23%, En mujeres con trastorno del espectro autista, la prevalencia de síndrome de ovario poliquístico alcanza el 7.8% y en el caso de trastornos alimentarios, particularmente bulimia nerviosa, está documentada una prevalencia del 16.6% de síndrome de ovario poliquístico.
Conclusión: La relación entre el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, los trastornos del sueño, la salud mental y los trastornos alimentarios es evidente, destaca la necesidad de un enfoque integral en su tratamiento. La investigación futura debe explorar los mecanismos subyacentes y desarrollar intervenciones que incluyan los síntomas físicos y psicológicos.


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