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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2025, Número 06

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Med Int Mex 2025; 41 (06)


Prevalencia y causa de las infecciones asociadas con dispositivos invasivos en pacientes neurocríticos

Meraz MFJ, Castillo MG, Robles MMA, Torres BJM, Morelos GEN, Aspera CT

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 323-331
Archivo PDF: 364.10 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de infecciones asociadas con dispositivos invasivos y los patógenos aislados en pacientes neurocríticos atendidos en cuidados intensivos.
Materiales and Methods: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal y retrospectivo efectuado de 2017 a 2022 en pacientes neurocríticos mayores de 18 años, atendidos en el área de cuidados intensivos.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes, de ellos 28 masculinos con media de edad de 40 ± 16.99 años, con promedio de estancia intrahospitalaria de 18.77 ± 9.09 días. Los diagnósticos de ingreso fueron: traumatismo craneoencefálico (n = 15), hematoma subdural (n = 7) y evento vascular cerebral hemorrágico (n = 15). De los 30 pacientes, 16 requirieron una intervención quirúrgica (craneotomía, n = 11). En 28 pacientes se instaló una sonda vesical e intubación orotraqueal y en 4 pacientes catéteres venosos centrales. En 27 cultivos se identificaron agentes patógenos gramnegativos, particularmente en el caso de la sonda vesical, las enterobacterias fueron el principal patógeno, P. aeruginosa en la intubación orotraqueal y K. pneumoniae en el catéter venoso central.
Conclusiones: Los pacientes neurocríticos tienen mayor susceptibilidad de infectarse debido al estado de inmunodepresión secundario a su enfermedad de base, lo que da lugar a la aparición de microorganismos oportunistas que pueden aumentar la morbilidad y mortalidad.


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