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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2025, Número 06

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Med Int Mex 2025; 41 (06)


Prevalencia y factores asociados con complicaciones en pacientes con reemplazo valvular aórtico transcatéter en un centro de tercer nivel

Lugo OE, Martínez HFA, Zazueta AV, Bernal MAD, Lugo MJA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 311-322
Archivo PDF: 402.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y factores asociados con complicaciones y mortalidad en pacientes intervenidos de implante valvular aórtico.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico, efectuado de 2017 a 2023 en pacientes con estenosis aórtica, en quienes se practicó un reemplazo valvular aórtico transcatéter. Se recolectaron las variables demográficas, clínicas y de intervención.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con edad de 75 ± 9.3 años; 44 eran hombres. La prevalencia de complicaciones durante 8 años fue de 41 pacientes y de mortalidad hospitalaria de 14. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: hipertensión arterial sola (n = 20) y diabetes mellitus y dislipidemia (n = 17). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron los trastornos de la conducción y del ritmo en 11 sujetos. Se encontró asociación entre la necesidad de marcapasos y el desenlace (p = 0.000) y entre el desenlace y complicaciones con un valor de p = 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05), tipo de dispositivo (p = 0.032), necesidad de marcapasos (p = 0.001), tipo de dispositivo y complicaciones (p = 0.039).
Conclusiones: El reemplazo valvular aórtico transcatéter mostró ser eficaz en pacientes con estenosis aórtica degenerativa, aunque con una tasa significativa de complicaciones y mortalidad. La hipertensión y la diabetes fueron comunes y la necesidad de marcapasos se asoció con peores desenlaces.


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