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2025, Número 1

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2025; 44 (1)


Los transportadores SWEETS: proteínas esenciales en el transporte de azúcares en las plantas

López-Coria M, King-Díaz B, Sánchez-Nieto S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 10-23
Archivo PDF: 1536.69 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las plantas son un mosaico de tejidos autotróficos y heterotróficos. Los primeros son denominados tejidos fuente y pueden exportar azúcares cuya concentración en el floema alcanza entre 0.34 a 1.5 M. Los tejidos hete-rotróficos, son los tejidos demanda que dependen de los azúcares expor-tados por los tejidos fuente. El transporte de azúcares entre estos tejidos es vital para la planta y se da a través de dos vías: la simplástica y la apoplástica. En la vía simplástica, los azúcares son transportados a través de conexiones célula-célula, conocidas como plasmodesmata. En la vía apoplástica, el influjo o eflujo de azúcares a las células es mediado por los transportadores membranales; entre éstos destacan los transportadores membranales SWEETs, los que transportan glucosa, fructosa o sacarosa en dirección del gradiente de concentración y su participación es impor-tante para el movimiento masivo de azúcares en procesos como el llenado del floema, en la formación del néctar, en la embriogénesis, la germinación de las semillas y durante la interacción planta-patógeno. Avances en el entendímiento de los SWEETs podrían colocarlos como un buen blanco para lograr el aumento en la productividad en plantas.


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