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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2025, Número 07

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Med Int Mex 2025; 41 (07)


Perfil clínico y neurofisiológico del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en mujeres: un análisis mediante electroencefalografía cuantitativa

Córdova PVH, Gutiérrez BD, Carapia MJ, Zabaneh CV

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 386-401
Archivo PDF: 536.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar el perfil clínico y neurofisiológico de mujeres diagnosticadas con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad mediante electroencefalograma cuantitativo (qEEG).
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo que analiza el perfil clínico y neurofisiológico de una muestra clínica por juicio, integrada con pacientes femeninas diagnosticadas, mediante electroencefalografía cuantitativa (qEEG) con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. El análisis contempló tres grupos de variables: clínicas (desregulación emocional, ansiedad, depresión y disautonomía), de rendimiento (omisiones, comisiones y tiempo de respuesta) y neurofisiológicas (biomarcadores obtenidos del qEEG). Para el análisis estadístico se hizo una correlación de rangos de Spearman para explorar relaciones no lineales entre variables ordinales, particularmente entre los biomarcadores y los indicadores clínicos y de rendimiento.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 49 pacientes, con límites de edad de 4 y 64 años (media 27 años), en su mayoría sin diagnóstico previo. En términos de rendimiento de atención, se observó un patrón generalizado de alteraciones, con una media de 6.88 omisiones, 2.88 comisiones y un tiempo medio de respuesta de 503 ms. Estos valores reflejan un bajo desempeño en tareas de atención sostenida, congruente con las características del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. La distribución de estos resultados varió por grupo etario: en niñas menores de 12 años, la media de omisiones fue de 7.3, mientras que en adolescentes fue de 8.5, lo que evidencia mayores dificultades en estos subgrupos.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos apoyan la utilidad del qEEG como método diagnóstico complementario para caracterizar fenotipos específicos de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en mujeres, con insistencia en la necesidad de enfoques personalizados en la evaluación e intervención.


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