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2022, Número 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2022; 33 (3)


Infección por el SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes diabéticos

Leyva MMÁ, Teruel GR, Bermúdez GAJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 727.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, conocida como la COVID-19. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus infectados tienen un pronóstico más desfavorable debido a la susceptibilidad de la enfermedad, lo que incrementa la morbilidad y la mortalidad.
Objetivo: Describir los principales mecanismos implicados en la patogenia de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 en diabéticos.
Métodos: La revisión bibliográfica se efectuó en Google Académico, PubMed Central, SciELO. Se utilizaron los descriptores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 y diabetes mellitus sacados de los descriptores en ciencias de la salud. Se seleccionaron artículos disponibles a texto completo en español e inglés, sin restricciones en cuanto al tipo de artículos de revistas revisadas por pares y páginas de organizaciones internacionales reconocidas.
Conclusiones: La infección por el SARS-CoV-2 es más grave en pacientes diabéticos demostrada por las más altas tasas de hospitalización y muertes. Diversos factores favorecen estos resultados, entre los cuales se encuentran los trastornos en la inmunidad innata y adquirida, alteraciones de la función pulmonar e incremento de la adherencia y entrada del virus a las células hospederas. En este último aspecto tienen importancia el receptor del virus, la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) y la furina, claves para la posterior replicación viral. Estos conocimientos permiten entender la fisiopatología y sintomatología de la COVID-19 en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, además de explicar los efectos beneficiosos y adversos de los fármacos antidiabéticos.


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