medigraphic.com
Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Mexicana de Urología

2025, Número 5

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Urol 2025; 85 (5)


Trastornos de la tiroides y su asociación con el cáncer de próstata: una revisión de la literatura

Posso NDA, García-Perdomo HA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 1-12
Archivo PDF: 623.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

La glándula prostática está compuesta por células epiteliales con receptores de andrógenos que regulan su ciclo celular. Los cambios endocrinos asociados con el envejecimiento se convierten en uno de los principales problemas para el desarrollo de trastornos prostáticos como el cáncer de próstata. Las hormonas tiroideas son un conjunto de hormonas responsables de regular el metabolismo basal y energético, influyendo en la regulación del ciclo celular y facilitando la proliferación y diferenciación celular. Los trastornos tiroideos, cada uno caracterizado por un perfil bioquímico particular, son comunes en la población, y la evidencia acumulada hasta la fecha los sugiere como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de mama, pulmón y colorrectal. En cuanto al cáncer de próstata, estudios in vitro y clínicos respaldan que el hipertiroidismo, caracterizado por un aumento de las concentraciones séricas de hormonas tiroideas y una disminución de la TSH, se considera un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata, aumentando la probabilidad de inmortalización celular al estimular la transcripción génica y la proliferación descontrolada. Por lo tanto, los trastornos tiroideos como el hipertiroidismo deben considerarse un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de próstata. En poblaciones más jóvenes, parece que el hipotiroidismo con concentraciones elevadas de TSH afecta a las células prostáticas, aumentando el riesgo de cáncer en esta población. Sin embargo, existen menos estudios que respalden esta idea.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Filon MJ, Gillette AA, Yang B, Khemees TA,Skala MC, Jarrard DF. Prostate cancer cellsdemonstrate unique metabolism and substrateadaptability acutely after androgen deprivationtherapy. The Prostate. 2022;82(16): 1547–1557.https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.24428.

  2. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Iam F, Colombet M, Mery L.Prostate Source: Global Cancer Today Number ofnew cases in 2023. 2023.

  3. Kocan H. Factors affecting the diagnosis ofprostate cancer through 12 quadrant guidedprostate biopsy. The Aging Male: The OfficialJournal of the International Society for the Studyof the Aging Male. 2020;23(5): 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2019.1573219.

  4. Pettersson A, Robinson D, Garmo H, HolmbergL, Stattin P. Age at diagnosis and prostate cancertreatment and prognosis: a population-basedcohort study. Annals of Oncology: Official Journalof the European Society for Medical Oncology.2018;29(2): 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx742.

  5. Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K,Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, et al. 2022Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology andRisk Factors—A Systematic Review. Europeanurology. 2023;84(2): 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021.

  6. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Iam F, Colombet M, MeryL. Prostate cancer cases: Latin America and theCaribbean. 2024.

  7. Rebello RJ, Oing C, Knudsen KE, Loeb S,Johnson DC, Reiter RE, et al. Prostate cancer.Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2021;7(1): 9.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-00243-0.

  8. Nieto CM, Rider LC, Cramer SD. Influence ofstromal-epithelial interactions on androgen action.Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2014;21(4): T147-160.https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0138.

  9. Toivanen R, Shen MM. Prostate organogenesis:tissue induction, hormonal regulation and celltype specification. Development (Cambridge,England). 2017;144(8): 1382–1398. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.148270.

  10. Frank SB, Miranti CK. Disruption of prostateepithelial differentiation pathways and prostatecancer development. Frontiers in Oncology.2013;3: 273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00273.

  11. Das K, Buchholz N. Benign prostate hyperplasiaand nutrition. Clinical nutrition ESPEN.2019;33: 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015.

  12. Van den Broeck T, van den Bergh RCN, BriersE, Cornford P, Cumberbatch M, Tilki D, et al.Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer:The European Association of Urology ProstateCancer Guidelines Panel Recommendations.European Urology Focus. 2020;6(2): 231–234.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2019.06.004.

  13. Bianco AC, Dumitrescu A, Gereben B,Ribeiro MO, Fonseca TL, Fernandes GW,et al. Paradigms of Dynamic Control ofThyroid Hormone Signaling. EndocrineReviews. 2019;40(4): 1000–1047. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00275.

  14. Krashin E, Silverman B, Steinberg DM,Yekutieli D, Giveon S, Fabian O, et al. Opposingeffects of thyroid hormones on cancer risk: apopulation-based study. European Journal ofEndocrinology. 2021;184(3): 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-1123.

  15. Kotolloshi R, Mirzakhani K, Ahlburg J, Kraft F,Pungsrinont T, Baniahmad A. Thyroid hormoneinduces cellular senescence in prostate cancercells through induction of DEC1. The Journalof Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2020;201: 105689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105689.

  16. Ovčariček PP, Fröbe A, Verburg FA, Murgić J,Butković MB, Ovčariček S, et al. Associationof Triiodothyronine Levels With ProstateCancer Histopathological Differentiation andTumor Stage. Anticancer Research. 2020;40(4):2323–2329. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.14199.

  17. Hoption Cann SA, Qiu Z, van NettenC. A prospective study of iodine status,thyroid function, and prostate cancer risk:follow-up of the First National Health andNutrition Examination Survey. Nutritionand Cancer. 2007;58(1): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580701307960.

  18. Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, BoffettaP, Levi F, Negri E, et al. Cancer mortalitypredictions for 2021 in Latin America.European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2022;31(3): 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000702.

  19. Siegel DA, O’Neil ME, Richards TB, DowlingNF, Weir HK. Prostate Cancer Incidenceand Survival, by Stage and Race/Ethnicity -United States, 2001-2017. MMWR. Morbidityand mortality weekly report. 2020;69(41):1473–1480. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6941a1.

  20. Vietri MT, D’Elia G, Caliendo G, Resse M,Casamassimi A, Passariello L, et al. HereditaryProstate Cancer: Genes Related, Target Therapyand Prevention. International Journal ofMolecular Sciences. 2021;22(7): 3753. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073753.

  21. Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA.Diet and lifestyle considerations for patientswith prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology.2020;38(3): 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.06.018.

  22. Loh NY, Wang W, Noordam R, ChristodoulidesC. Obesity, Fat Distribution and Risk of Cancer inWomen and Men: A Mendelian RandomisationStudy. Nutrients. 2022;14(24): 5259. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245259.

  23. Wasim S, Lee SY, Kim J. Complexities ofProstate Cancer. International Journal ofMolecular Sciences. 2022;23(22): 14257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214257.

  24. Sandhu S, Moore CM, Chiong E, Beltran H,Bristow RG, Williams SG. Prostate cancer.Lancet (London, England). 2021;398(10305):1075–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00950-8.

  25. Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F,La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology ofthe Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Frontiersin Endocrinology. 2021;12: 554078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.554078.

  26. Cooper CS, Eeles R, Wedge DC, Van Loo P,Gundem G, Alexandrov LB, et al. Analysis ofthe genetic phylogeny of multifocal prostatecancer identifies multiple independent clonalexpansions in neoplastic and morphologicallynormal prostate tissue. Nature Genetics.2015;47(4): 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3221.

  27. Shoag J, Barbieri CE. Clinical variability andmolecular heterogeneity in prostate cancer.Asian Journal of Andrology. 2016;18(4): 543–548.https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.178852.

  28. Matthew AN, Rogers DE, Grob G, BlottnerM, Kodama S, Krzastek SC. The use of lowintensityextracorporeal shockwave therapy inmanagement of erectile dysfunction followingprostate cancer treatment: a review of thecurrent literature. Translational Andrology andUrology. 2023;12(6): 1023–1032. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-22-791.

  29. Liu Y, Mikrani R, Xie D, Wazir J, ShresthaS, Ullah R, et al. Chronic prostatitis/chronicpelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer: studyof immune cells and cytokines. Fundamental &Clinical Pharmacology. 2020;34(2): 160–172.https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12517.

  30. Yu XD, Yan SS, Liu RJ, Zhang YS. Apparentdifferences in prostate zones: susceptibility toprostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasiaand prostatitis. International Urology andNephrology. 2024;56(8): 2451–2458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-024-04012-w.

  31. Harrison TS. Current problems in the clinicalphysiology of the parathyroid and thyroidglands. Journal of Surgical Research. 1967;7(5):234–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(67)90058-3.

  32. Coperchini F, Croce L, Ricci G, Magri F, RotondiM, Imbriani M, et al. Thyroid Disrupting Effectsof Old and New Generation PFAS. Frontiers inEndocrinology. 2020;11: 612320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.612320.

  33. Aksoy O, Pencik J, Hartenbach M, MoazzamiAA, Schlederer M, Balber T, et al. Thyroid andandrogen receptor signaling are antagonized byμ-Crystallin in prostate cancer. InternationalJournal of Cancer. 2021;148(3): 731–747.https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33332.

  34. Miro C, Di Giovanni A, Murolo M, Cicatiello AG,Nappi A, Sagliocchi S, et al. Thyroid hormone andandrogen signals mutually interplay and enhanceinflammation and tumorigenic activation oftumor microenvironment in prostate cancer.Cancer Letters. 2022;532: 215581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215581.

  35. Duggal P, Shukla S. Prediction Of ThyroidDisorders Using Advanced Machine LearningTechniques. In: 2020 10th International Conferenceon Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering(Confluence). 2020. p. 670–675. https://doi.org/10.1109/Confluence47617.2020.9058102.[Accessed 17th November 2025].

  36. Ma Z, Song P, Ji D, Zheng M, Qiu G, Liu Z, etal. Thyroid hormones as biomarkers of lungcancer: a retrospective study. Annals of Medicine.2023;55(1): 2196088. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2196088.

  37. Sohn W, Chang Y, Cho YK, Kim Y, Shin H,Ryu S. Abnormal and Euthyroid Ranges ofThyroid Hormones in Serum and Liver CancerMortality: A Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of theAmerican Association for Cancer Research,Cosponsored by the American Society of PreventiveOncology. 2020;29(10): 2002–2009. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0283.

  38. Jha CK, Mishra A, Yadav SB, Agarwal G,Singh S, Chand G, et al. Thyroid dysfunctionsand autoimmunity in breast cancer patients:a prospective case-control study. Archives ofEndocrinology and Metabolism. 2021;64(6):743–750. https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-

  39. 3997000000284.39. Khan M, Majeed A, Hayat W, Ullah H,Naz S, Shah SA, et al. Hypospadias repair:a single centre experience. Plastic SurgeryInternational. 2014;2014: 453039. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/453039.

  40. Hellevik AI, Asvold BO, Bjøro T, RomundstadPR, Nilsen TIL, Vatten LJ. Thyroid functionand cancer risk: a prospective population study.Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention:A Publication of the American Association forCancer Research, Cosponsored by the AmericanSociety of Preventive Oncology. 2009;18(2): 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0911.

  41. Chan YX, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML, BrownSJ, Walsh J, Yeap BB. Lower TSH and higherfree thyroxine predict incidence of prostate butnot breast, colorectal or lung cancer. EuropeanJournal of Endocrinology. 2017;177(4): 297–308.https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0197.

  42. Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Bosworth T,Remaley AT, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Circulatingthyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, andhypothyroid status and the risk of prostatecancer. PloS One. 2012;7(10): e47730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047730.

  43. Díez JJ, Iglesias P. Malignant neoplasms in peoplewith hypothyroidism in Spain: A populationbasedanalysis. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0275568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275568.

  44. Díez JJ, Cabrera L, Iglesias P, Benavent M,Argüello G, López G, et al. Prevalence of cancerin patients with hypothyroidism: Analysisusing big data tools. Endocrinologia, Diabetes YNutricion. 2023;70 Suppl 3: 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endien.2023.08.004.

  45. Jiacheng L. Causal Associations ofHypothyroidism with Prostate Cancer,Colorectal Cancer and Lung Cancer: A MendelianRandomization Study. MEDS Clinical Medicine.2023;4(6): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.23977/medsc.2023.040607.

  46. Riis T, Neergaard PF, Joop BS, Brix T, FolkestadL. Hypothyroidism and the risk of cancer: adanish register-based long-term follow-upstudy. Endocrine Abstracts. 2023;92. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.92.OP-10-05




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com