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2022, Número 4

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (4)


Manifestaciones autoinmunes asociadas a la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019

Pérez FY, Guerreiro HAM, Leyva RA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 1-15
Archivo PDF: 304.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (Coronavirus Disease 2019 o COVID-19), causada por un nuevo coronavirus: el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), ha teniendo un impacto devastador en todo el mundo. Su fisiopatología es el resultado de los efectos citopáticos directos del SARS-CoV-2 sobre el epitelio respiratorio, el endotelio y otros tipos de células específicas de órganos, con la posterior inducción de una tormenta de citocinas proinflamatorias y una inmunidad adaptativa desregulada que causa daño tisular severo.
Objetivo: Describir las características autoinmunes presentes durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre COVID-19 y manifestaciones autoinmunes en los sitios web: Pubmed, Medline, SciELO. Se hizo un análisis y resumen de la información revisada.
Análisis y síntesis de la información: Los virus se han considerado los principales agentes infecciosos que desencadenan fenómenos autoinmunes en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. El SARS-CoV-2 ya se ha relacionado con una larga lista de afecciones autoinflamatorias y autoinmunes que pueden ser inducidas por varios mecanismos propuestos para explicar la autoinmunidad inducida por virus. En esta patología, el más descrito, es el mimetismo molecular. La COVID-19 comparte similitudes con las enfermedades autoinmunes en sus manifestaciones clínicas, mecanismos fisiopatológicos y respuesta terapéutica, de forma que potentes reacciones inmunes participan en la patogénesis de ambas enfermedades.
Conclusiones: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede representar al vínculo complejo e interrelacionado entre las infecciones y la autoinmunidad.


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