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2026, Número 1

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Rev Mex Med Fis Rehab 2026; 38 (1)


Prevalencia de lumbalgia y su relación con discapacidad en población adulta de una comunidad hondureña

Henriquez J, González E, Martínez LT, Cubas VN, Elpidio SJ, Galeas JM, Maradiaga EJ

Idioma: Portugués
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 28-35
Archivo PDF: 932.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del dolor lumbar (DL), la discapacidad resultante y los factores asociados en Jacaleapa, Honduras. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con análisis de asociación. El estudio utilizó un muestreo por etapas y una selección aleatoria de pacientes mayores de 18 años. Se emplearon el índice de discapacidad de Oswestry y la encuesta abreviada de 12 ítems para evaluar la discapacidad y la calidad de vida. Resultados: se obtuvieron 311 participantes, mediana 47 años (RIC:35.0-61.0), 173 mujeres (55.6%). Prevalencia de DL 57.9% (180/311, IC95% 52.3-63.3), 140 (77.8%) personas con discapacidad asociada, 44 (30.6%) grado moderado-severo. Se encontró asociación con ser mujer (OR:2.4, IC95%1.1-5.4), edad ≥ 50 años (OR:4.2, IC95%1.8-10.0), casado/unión libre (OR:5.2, IC95%2.3-11.9), y postura sedente inadecuada (OR:3.4, IC95%1.5-7.8). Las personas con discapacidad por lumbalgia presentaron mayor índice de masa corporal y permanecen ≥ 4 horas sentadas, (p < 0.05). El puntaje en el dominio físico de calidad de vida fue 44.3 (RIC:35.9-50.7). Conclusión: la comunidad estudiada presenta una alta prevalencia de DL y discapacidad asociada. Por lo tanto, se recomienda desarrollar estrategias multimodales de prevención y tratamiento.


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