García-Ortega S, Soto-Manzano AV, Martínez-Sánchez LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 42-47
Archivo PDF: 158.78 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción. Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas (ifi) son una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, como aquéllos con leucemia o sometidos a trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas. Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen neutropenia prolongada y uso de corticosteroides. Las ifi más comunes son la candidiasis y la aspergilosis, que suelen adquirirse por inhalación de esporas. Su tratamiento y la profilaxis pueden representar un reto médico debido a los efectos adversos y la resistencia a los antifúngicos con los que se cuenta actualmente.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos como PubMed y Elsevier. Se revisaron 100 artículos publicados en los últimos años, de los cuales se seleccionaron 47, limitando la participación a aquellos que no estuvieran disponibles en español o inglés, o que hablaran específicamente de población pediátrica.
Conclusión. Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas siguen siendo una amenaza para pacientes inmunocomprometidos, como aquéllos con neoplasias hematológicas o trasplantes de células madre. Aun con los avances en cuanto a diagnóstico, los tratamientos enfrentan desafíos como la resistencia antifúngica y efectos secundarios. La profilaxis con azoles ha sido efectiva, pero la elección del tratamiento debe ser personalizada a cada paciente. La investigación de nuevos antifúngicos y la optimización de terapias profilácticas son claves para mejorar los resultados en estos pacientes.

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