medigraphic.com
Medicina Universitaria

2007, Número 36

Med Univer 2007; 9 (36)


Células madre

Jaime PJC, Garza VI, Ortiz LR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 130-140
Archivo PDF: 177.97 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las células madre tienen la capacidad de autorenovarse y diferenciarse para producir diversos tipos de células especializadas. Las células madre se clasifican por su potencial de diferenciación en totipotenciales, pluripotenciales y multipotenciales, y según el tejido de origen en embrionarias o adultas. Estas células generan gran interés por los diferentes modelos de diferenciación a los que pueden conducirse: desde el modelo convencional (célula madre-célula hija), hasta procesos de transdiferenciación y desdiferenciación celular. Estos modelos se aplican para entender el fenómeno de plasticidad. Se denomina plasticidad de las células madre a la capacidad de generar diferentes grupos celulares a los de su tejido de origen, como las de las células madre hematopoyéticas, que forman hepatocitos y miocitos en condiciones controladas. En la actualidad existen controversias éticas, ya que los estudios en células madre se realizan a partir de óvulos donados en los centros de fertilización humana; sin embargo, pueden obtenerse células madre con características pluripotenciales de otras fuentes, como las del líquido amniótico. La legislación internacional, respecto de la obtención de células madre es heterogénea y divergente, mientras que la legislación nacional resulta limitada ante los retos que plantea la investigación científica.


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