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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología

2011, Número 4

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Acta Ortop Mex 2011; 25 (4)


Declaración de posición conjunta del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología: Profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en cirugía ortopédica de alto riesgo

Meza-Reyes GE, Cymet-Ramírez J, Esquivel-Gómez R, Martínez del Campo-Sánchez A, Martínez-Guzmán MAE, Espinosa-Larrañaga F, Majluf-Cruz A, Torres-González R, De la Fuente-Zuno JC, Villalobos-Garduño E, Méndez-Huerta JV, Ibarra-Hirales E, Valles-Figueroa JF, Aguilera-Zepeda JM, Díaz-Borjón E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 27
Paginas: 216-222
Archivo PDF: 60.38 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) es un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. En Estados Unidos de Norteamérica causa 2 millones de casos anuales. Tiene una incidencia anual de 1-2 casos/1,000 individuos en la población general. Es una enfermedad asociada frecuentemente con complicaciones que ponen en peligro la vida y su mortalidad es de 1-5% de los casos. Debido a la alta frecuencia de complicaciones, su recuperación lenta y el requerimiento de incapacidades prolongadas, se le considera una enfermedad con costos de atención altos. La ETV puede presentarse tanto en pacientes quirúrgicos como médicos y se conocen los factores de riesgo asociados: reposo prolongado, presencia de cáncer activo, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, fibrilación auricular y enfermedad vascular cerebral, entre los más importantes padecimientos médicos. La cirugía ortopédica es el principal factor de riesgo quirúrgico para ETV, predominantemente en los reemplazos articulares de cadera y rodilla, pacientes politraumatizados, con daño grave en la columna vertebral y en las fracturas grandes. La ETV es prevenible con el uso apropiado de antitrombóticos. Los participantes en este consenso definieron la tromboprofilaxis como la estrategia y acciones llevadas a cabo para disminuir el riesgo de ETV en pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica de alto riesgo. Se describe la posición del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología en relación a la prevención del ETV en cirugía ortopédica.


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