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2014, Número 3

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Residente 2014; 9 (3)


Bcl-2: su papel en el ciclo celular, apoptosis y cáncer

Ramírez-García MÁ, Márquez-González H, Barranco-Lampón G, López-Aguilar JE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 84-94
Archivo PDF: 276.37 Kb.


RESUMEN

El ciclo celular es un complejo proceso de reproducción que tiene como fin último la obtención de dos células hijas idénticas. Durante tal proceso, la célula determina puntos de control y restricción a fin de coordinar y evitar la presencia de errores que originen células biológicamente alteradas. En todas las células que cumplen un ciclo de vida, su desenlace puede apreciarse en dos escenarios: la necrosis, un evento no deliberado, accidental y asociado con daño tisular; o la apoptosis, un mecanismo de muerte programada que precisa energía. Su activación puede ser mediante la unión de ligandos (factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, fas, interleucina 1) o por medio de proteínas que activan a las caspasas, permitiendo la liberación del citocromo c al citoplasma. El Bcl-2 (B cell Lymphoma) fue descrito por vez primera en pacientes con linfoma; se trata de una proteína perteneciente a una familia de proteínas subclasificada en tres grupos de acuerdo con su homología y su función: proapoptótica o antiapoptótica. La sobrexpresión o silenciamiento de éstas se encuentra íntimamente relacionada con el desarrollo y la agresividad de las neoplasias, ya que puede ofrecerle a la célula cancerígena atributos de inmortalidad que pueden perpetuar su malignidad y ensombrecer el pronóstico al presentar poca respuesta terapéutica. En la siguiente revisión exponemos la relación que tienen las familias de Bcl-2 en el ciclo celular, apoptosis y cáncer.


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