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2002, Número 4

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Vet Mex 2002; 33 (4)


Estudio comparativo sobre el sitio y la tasa de digestión de la fracción nitrogenada y del almidón de cuatro cereales

Plascencia JA, Arellano GE, López SMA, Avery ZR

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 371-386
Archivo PDF: 95.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se utilizaron cuatro novillos Holstein (157 kg PV) habilitados con cánulas en el rumen y duodeno proximal para comparar las características de la digestión del maíz, trigo, cebada y sorgo en hojuelas en dietas con 81% de grano. La digestión ruminal de la materia orgánica (MO) fue menor (P ‹ 0.05) para el sorgo comparado con el trigo y la cebada (19.7% y 14.9%, respectivamente). A nivel ruminal se obtuvo una mayor (P ‹ 0.05) digestibilidad del almidón para trigo y cebada (92%) con respecto a maíz y sorgo (83%). Aun cuando no existieron diferencias significativas (P › 0.10) en la digestibilidad posruminal del almidón, la digestibilidad posruminal de la MO fue menor (P ‹ 0.05) para cebada comparada con el trigo (61% vs. 67%, respectivamente). La digestibilidad ruminal de nitrógeno (N) fue mayor (P ‹ 0.05) para trigo (80%) y cebada (72%), seguido de maíz (60%) y sorgo (46%).La digestibilidad posruminal del N fue diferente (P ‹ 0.05) para todos los tratamientos, de menor a mayor: sorgo (71%), maíz (74%), cebada (76%) y trigo (79%). En tracto total, la digestibilidad de MO fue mayor (P ‹ 0.05) para el trigo (85%), seguido de maíz (82%), cebada (80%) y sorgo (79%), mientras que la digestibilidad de N fue mayor para el trigo (80%), seguido de cebada (76%), y por último sorgo y maíz (69% y 68%, respectivamente). En tracto total, todos los granos obtuvieron digestibilidades del almidón por encima del 98%. La energía digestible (ED, Mcal/kg) fue mayor (P ‹ 0.05) para las dietas que contenían maíz y trigo (3.52 y 3.59 Mcal/kg) comparado con aquellas que contenían cebada y sorgo (3.35 y 3.34 Mcal/kg, respectivamente). Dado que los valores que asigna el NRC para el contenido de ED y proteína de escape para el maíz en hojuelas son de 4.10 Mcal/kg y 57%, respectivamente, los valores calculados por remplazo para el trigo, cebada y sorgo correspondieron a 4.19 Mcal/kg y 21.5%, 3.89 Mcal/kg y 34.8% y de 3.88 Mcal/kg y 63.4%,respectivamente. Se concluye que los actuales estándares del NRC subestiman el contenido de ED y de la proteína de escape de estos cereales.


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