González HM, Bastidas RBE, Panduro CA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 71-78
Archivo PDF: 250.82 Kb.

RESUMEN

La litiasis de la vesícula biliar (LB) es un padecimiento del aparato digestivo, cuyo origen y patogénesis no se conoce con precisión. Estudios epidemiológicos y de familias señalan la importancia de los factores genéticos; los factores ambientales son de igual relevancia ya que interactuan con los genes asociados a la litiasis. La colelitiasis al igual que los padecimientos cardiacos y la diabetes mellitus, es una enfermedad crónica de elevada prevalencia, en los países occidentales se presenta en 10% hombres y 20% mujeres. En México, la prevalencia es de 8.5% hombres y 20.5% mujeres. Los componentes de la dieta señalados como factores de riesgo son: una ingesta energética excesiva, alto consumo de azúcares simples, de colesterol y grasa saturada animal. Otros factores son la edad, la paridad en mujeres, la obesidad, la pérdida rápida de peso corporal. El consumo de verduras, fibra dietaria, café y alcohol parecen tener una correlación negativa con LB. Ya se ha reportado la localización cromosómica de los genes asociados a la formación de cálculos de colesterol y se cuenta con un mapa genómico en el ratón. La fisiopatología de la colelitiasis es compleja, involucra a muchos genes y factores ambientales, el conocimiento de esto se aplicará en mejores estrategias de diagnóstico tratamiento y prevención de la LB.

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