medigraphic.com
Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2018, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Neuroci 2018; 19 (4)


Patrones electroencefalográficos periódicos: un hallazgo controversial e infrecuente

Aguilar-Fabré L, Rodríguez-Valdés RF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 71-82
Archivo PDF: 825.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los Patrones Electroencefalográficos Periódicos (PEP) son descargas con apariencia epileptiforme que aparecen a intervalos regulares asociadas a una lesión cerebral aguda como la enfermedad cerebro vascular y las encefalitis. Estas descargas se producen a intervalos regulares y se clasifican comúnmente como: descargas epileptiformes lateralizadas periódicas, descargas epileptiformes lateralizadas periódicas independientes bilaterales, descargas epileptiformes generalizadas, las ondas trifásicas y las descargas ictales o periódicas rítmicas inducidas por estímulos. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de los patrones electroencefalográficos periódicos, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de su reconocimiento y su relevancia clínica. La importancia clínica de los patrones periódicos en el electroencefalograma es incierta y está relacionada con diversas etiologías. Algunos autores sugieren que estos patrones son inequívocamente epileptogénicos y se asocian con pronósticos desfavorables. Su reconocimiento y clasificación es importante para establecer una correlación exacta entre los datos clínicos, neurológicos, de laboratorio y de neuroimagen con los resultados del electroencefalograma, lo cual permitiría establecer conductas terapéuticas adecuadas en beneficio del paciente crítico.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Andraus MEC, Andraus CF, Alves-Leon AV. Periodic EEG patterns: importance of their recognition and clinical significance. Arq Neuropsiquitr. 2012;70:145-151.

  2. Chatrian GE, Shaw GM, Leffman H. The significance of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: an electrographic clinical and pathological study. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1964; 17: 177-193.

  3. Echlin FA, Arnett V, Zoll J. Paroxysmal high voltage discharges from isolated and partially isolated human and animal cerebral cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1952;4:147-164.

  4. Brenner RP, Schaul N. Periodic EEG patterns: classification, clinical correlation, and pathophysiology. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1990;7(2):249-267.

  5. Téllez-Zenteno JF, Pillai SN, Hill MD, Pillay N. Chronic PLEDs with transitional rhythmic discharges (PLEDsplus) in remote stroke. Epileptic Disord. 2007; 9(2):164-169.

  6. Fitzpatrick W, Lowry N. PLEDs: clinical correlates. Can J Neurol Sci. 2007;34(4): 443-450.

  7. Cobb W, Hill D. Electroencephalogram in subacute progressive encephalitis. Brain. 1950;73:392-404.

  8. García-Morales I, Gracia MT, Galán-Dávila L, et al. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: etiology, clinical aspects, seizures, and evolution in 130 patients. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2002;19:172–7.

  9. Reiher J, Rivest J, Grand’Mason F. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with transitional rhythmic discharges. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;78:12-17.

  10. Pohlmann-Eden B, Hoch DB, Cochius JL, et al. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: a critical review. J Clin Neurophysiol, 1996; 13: 519-530.

  11. Pohlmann-Eden B, Hoch OB, Cochius JI, et al. Stroke and epilepsy: critical review of the literature. Part I: Epidemiology and risk factors. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1996; 6:332-338.

  12. de la Paz D, Brenner RP. Bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Arch Neurol, 1981; 38: 713-715.

  13. Chong DJ, Hirsch LJ. Which EEG patterns warrant treatment in the critically ill? Reviewing the evidence for treatment of periodic epileptiform discharges and related patterns. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2005; 22:79-91.

  14. Brenner RP. EEG in convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2004; 21:319-331.

  15. Gross DW, Wiebe S, Blume WT. The periodicity of lateralized epileptiform discharges. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;110: 1516-1520

  16. Orta DSJ, Chiappa KH, Quiroz AZ, Costello DJ, Cole AJ. Prognostic implications of periodic epileptiform discharges. Arch Neurol. 2009; 66: 985-991.

  17. Hirsch LJ, LaRoche SM, Gaspard N, Gerard E, Svoronos A, Herman ST et al. American Clinical Neurophysiology Society´s Standarized Critical Care EEG Terminology: 2012 version. J. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30 (1):1-27.

  18. Andraus MEC, Andraus CF, Alves-Leon SV. Periodic EEG patterns: importance of their recognition and clinical significance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012;70 (2):145-151.

  19. Yemisci M, Gurer G, Saygi S, Ciger A. Generalized periodic epileptiform discharges: clinical features, neuroradiological evaluation and prognosis in 37 adult patients. Seizure. 2003;12 (7):465–72.

  20. San-Juan OD, Chiappa KH, Costello DJ, Cole AJ. Periodic epileptiform discharges in hypoxic encephalopathy: BiPLEDs and GPEDs as a poor prognosis for survival. Seizure. 2009; 18:365–8.

  21. Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Liaudet L, Ruffieux C, Ribordy V, Schaller MD, et al. Status epilepticus: an independent outcome predictor after cerebral anoxia. Neurology. 2007;69 (3):255–60.

  22. Tjepkema-Cloostermans M, Hofmeijer J, Trof R, Blans M, Beishuizen A, van Putten MJAM. EEG predicts outcome in patients with postanoxic coma during mild therapeutic hypothermia. Crit Care Med. 2015;43 (1):159–67.

  23. Foreman B, Claassen J, Abou Khaled K, Jirsch J, Alschuler DM, Wittman J, et al. Generalized periodic discharges in the critically ill: a case–control study of 200 patients. Neurology. 2012;79 (19):1951–60.

  24. Rittenberger JC, Popescu A, Brenner RP, Guyette FX, Callaway CW. Frequency and timing of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose post-cardiac arrest subjects treated with hypothermia. Neurocrit Care. 2012; 16: 114–22.

  25. Ruijter BJ, Van Putten MJAM, Hofmeijer J. Generalized epileptiform discharges in postanoxic encephalopathy: Quantitative characterization in relation to outcome. Epilepsia. 2015; 56 (11):1845-54.

  26. Husain AM, Mebust KA, Radtke RA. Generalized periodic epileptiform discharges: etiologies, relationship to status epilepticus, and prognosis. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;16 (1): 51–8.

  27. Nicolai J, van Putten MJ, Tavy DL. BIPLEDs in akinetic mutism caused by bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarction. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;112 (9):1726–8.

  28. Foley JM, Watson CW, Adams RD. Significance of the electroencephalographic changes in hepatic coma. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1950; 51: 161-165. 53.

  29. Bickford RG, Butt HR. Hepatic coma: the electroencephalography pattern. J Clin Invest. 1955; 34: 790- 799.

  30. Hirsch LJ, Brenner RP. Periodic discharges and other controversial EEG patterns. In: Hirsch LJ, Brenner RP (Eds). Atlas of EEG in critical care. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010: 129-160.

  31. Brigo F, Storti M. Triphasic waves. Am J Eletroneurodiagnostic Technol. 2011; 51: 16-25.

  32. Foreman B, Mahulikar A, Tadi P, Claassen J, Szaflarski J, Halford J, Dean B, et al. Generalized periodic discharges and ¨triphasic waves¨: A blinded evaluation of inter-rater agreement and clinical significance. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2016; 127: 1,073-1,080.

  33. Hirsch LJ, Claassen J, Mayer SA, Emerson RG. Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs): a common EEG phenomenon in the critically ill. Epilepsia. 2004; 45: 109-123.

  34. Hirsch LJ, Brenner RP, Drislane FW, et al. The ACNS subcommittee on research terminology for continuous EEG monitoring: proposed standardized terminology for rhythmic and periodic EEG patterns encountered in critically ill patients. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2005; 22:128-135.

  35. Jacome DE. Periodic EEG patterns in cerebral fat embolism. Clin Electroencephalogr. 1983;14:27-34.

  36. Au WJ, Gabor AJ, Vijayan N, Markand ON. Periodic lateralized epileptiform complexes (PLEDs) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology. 1980; 30: 611-617.

  37. Pohlmann-Eden B, Hoch DB, Cochius JI, Chiappa KH. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: a critical review. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1996; 13: 519-530.

  38. de los Reyes EC, McJunkin JE, Glauser TA, Tomsho M, O’Neal J. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in La Crosse encephalitis, a worrisome subgroup : clinical presentation, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and long-term neurologic outcome. J Child Neurol. 2008; 23: 167-172.

  39. Gandelman-Marton R, Rabey JM, Flechter S. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges multiple sclerosis: a case report. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2003; 20 (2): 117-121.

  40. Neufeld MY, Vishnevskaya S, Treves TA, et al. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) following stroke are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1997; 102: 295-298.

  41. Chu NS. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with preexisting focal brain lesions. Role of alcohol withdrawal and anoxic encephalopathy. Arch Neurol. 1980; 37: 551-554.

  42. Snodgrass SM, Tsuburaya K, Ajmone-Marsan C. Clinical significance of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: relationship with status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1989; 6: 159-172.

  43. Garzón E, Fernández RM, Sakamoto AC. Serial EEG during human status epilepticus: evidence for PLED as an ictal pattern. Neurology. 2001; 57: 1,175-1,183.

  44. Silva AB, Bertolucci PHF. Descargas periódicas lateralizadas II. Aspectos evolutivos. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1988; 46:10-15.

  45. 45. Gurer G, Yemisci M, Saygi S, et al. Structural lesions in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Clin EEG Neurosci. 2004; 35:88–93.

  46. Fushimi M, Matsubuchi N, Sekine A, et al. Benign bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:55–9.

  47. DaSilva AB, Bertolucci PH. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: II. Developmental aspects. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1988; 46:10–5.

  48. Handfort A, Cheng JT, Mandelkern MA, Treiman DM. Markedly increased mesiotemporal lobe metabolism in a case with PLEDs: further evidence that PLEDs are a manifestation of partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1994; 35: 876-881.

  49. Markand, O. N. and Daly, D. D. Pseudoperiodic lateralized paroxysmal discharges in electroencephalogram. Neurology. 1971; 21: 975–981.

  50. Schwartz, M. S., Prior, P. F. and Scott, D. F. The occurrence and evolution in the EEG of the lateralized periodic phenomenon. Brain. 1973; 96: 613–622.

  51. Schrader, P. L. and Singh, H. Seizure disorders following periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Epilepsia. 1980; 21: 647–653.

  52. Baykan B, Kinay D, Gökyigit A, Gürses C. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges:association with seizures. Seizure. 2000; 9: 402-406.

  53. Lee, B. I. and Schauwecker, D. S. Regional cerebral perfusion in PLEDs: A case report. Epilepsia. 1988; 29: 607–611.

  54. Assal F, Papazyan JP, Slosman DO, et al. SPECT in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): a form of partial status epilepticus? Seizure. 2001; 10: 260–5.

  55. Funakawa I, Katoh H, Hara K, et al. A case of herpes simplex encephalitis with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1991; 31: 669–73.

  56. Ali II, Pirzada NA, Vaughn BV. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges after complex partial status epilepticus associated with increased focal cerebral blood flow. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 18: 565–9.

  57. Ergün EL, Salanci BV, Erbas B¸ Saygi S. SPECT in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): A case report on PLEDs. Annals of Nuclear Medicine. 2006; 20: 227–231.

  58. Singh G, Wright MA, Sander JW, et al. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) as the sole electrographic correlate of a complex partial seizure. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7:37–41.

  59. Young GB, Blume WT. Periodic lateralized frontal epileptiform discharges with ipsilateral epilepsia partialis continua. Epilepsia. 2007; 48: 597–8.

  60. Nei, M., Lee, J. M., Shanker, V. L. and Sperling, M. R. The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999; 40: 157–163.

  61. Terzano MG, Parrino L, Mazzucchi A, et al. Confusional states with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): a peculiar epileptic syndrome in the elderly. Epilepsia. 1986; 27: 446–57

  62. Corda D, Rosati G, Deiana GA, et al. “Erratic” complex partial status epilepticus as a presenting feature of MELAS. Epilepsy Behav. 2006; 8: 655–8.

  63. Hughes JR, Fuller T. The use of felbamate in patients with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Clin Electroencephalogr. 1995; 26: 180–3.

  64. Rejdak K, Papuc E, Dropko P, et al. Acute stroke-elicited epilepsia partialis continua responsive to intravenous sodium valproate. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2008; 42: 157–60.

  65. Shimada K, Koh CS, Hashimoto T, et al. A case of aseptic meningoencephalitis with recurrent abnormal behavior, status epilepticus and aphthous stomatitis, improved by acyclovir. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1989; 29: 367–70.

  66. Nakamura A, Hashimoto T, Matsuda M, et al. Non-herpetic fulminant meningoencephalitis with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. J Clin Neurosci. 2002; 9: 190–2.

  67. Maingueneau F, Honnorat J, Isnard J, et al. Partial non-convulsive status epilepsy in multiple sclerosis. Neurophysiol Clin. 1999; 29: 463–72.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com