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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2019, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2019; 22 (1)


Mecanismos de autofosforilación y transfosforilación en sistemas de dos componentes bacterianos

Terán-Melo JL, Rodríguez-Rangel C, Georgellis D, Álvarez AF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 1-11
Archivo PDF: 843.34 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los Sistemas de señalización de Dos Componentes (SDCs) permiten a las bacterias detectar estímulos ambientales y responder a estos de manera adaptativa. Estos sistemas de transducción de señales se basan en la autofosforilación y transferencia de grupos fosforilo entre residuos de histidina y aspartato de una proteína cinasa sensora y un regulador de respuesta. Cuando la cinasa sensora percibe un estímulo específico se autofosforila, en una reacción que puede ser inter o intramolecular, y transfosforila a su regulador de respuesta cognado, que actúa generalmente como regulador transcripcional para ejercer una respuesta fisiológica. Con frecuencia, en ausencia de estímulo, la misma cinasa sensora se encarga de desfosforilar a su regulador de respuesta cognado. Además, algunas cinasas sensoras tienen módulos adicionales que participan en un fosforelevo que termina en la fosforilación del regulador de respuesta, y en un fosforelevo reverso que permite su desfosforilación. Al igual que en la autofosforilación, las trasferencias de grupos fosforilo implicadas en el fosforelevo y el fosforelevo reverso pueden ser inter o intramoleculares. En esta revisión exponemos algunas de las más importantes características de los SDCs bacterianos, poniendo especial énfasis en los procesos de autofosforilación y fosfotransferencia.


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