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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2019, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2019; 22 (1)


Microdominios membranales bacterianos semejantes a balsas lipídicas

Guzmán-Flores JE, Georgellis D, Álvarez AF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 1-10
Archivo PDF: 994.38 Kb.


RESUMEN

La capacidad de las membranas biológicas para compartimentar diversos procesos fisiológicos como la transducción de señales, tráfico vesicular, entre otros, ha llevado al estudio de estructuras conocidas como balsas lipídicas o microdominios de membrana. Estos microdominios se componen de proteínas y lípidos especializados, los cuales han sido ampliamente descritos en una gran variedad de células eucariotas. Una característica de las balsas lipídicas es el alto grado de empaquetamiento de sus componentes, lo que genera una menor fluidez con respecto al resto de la membrana. La técnica más empleada para caracterizar estos microdominios, es la generación de membranas resistentes a detergentes (DRM-Detergent-Resistant Membranes), la cual aprovecha las características físico-químicas de las balsas lipídicas, cuyos componentes estructurales son resistentes a la solubilización por detergentes. Las proteínas que contienen un dominio conocido como SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, HflK/C) son consideradas como marcadores de balsas lipídicas y se identifican frecuentemente en preparaciones de DRM. Recientemente, la amplia distribución de proteínas con dominios SPFH codificadas en cromosomas bacterianos, ha dirigido el enfoque al estudio de estructuras similares a balsas lipídicas en las membranas bacterianas. En esta revisión se exponen algunos avances recientes en la identificación y estudio de los microdominios de membrana bacterianos similares a balsas lipídicas presentes en eucariontes.


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