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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2020, Número 2

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Arch Neurocien 2020; 25 (2)


Meningoencefalitis eosinofílica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Ramos-Robledo A, Meijides-Mejías C, Zamora FR, Dorta-Contreras AJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 45-56
Archivo PDF: 821.47 Kb.


RESUMEN

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) es un helminto que constituye la principal causa de meningoencefalitis eosinofílica en el mundo y endémica en muchas partes del mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura publicada sobre el tema sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad que ocasiona, la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, casos interesantes y las particularidades de esta donde no existan hábitos de ingerir caracoles crudos y no existan otras etiologías. Se revisaron 37 artículos sobre la enfermedad en revistas nacionales e internacionales de acceso abierto que abarca la base de datos Scopus en el período de 1957 a octubre de 2019. Se confirma que la liberación de sustancias tóxicas, por lisis masiva de las larvas del parásito, produce el proceso inflamatorio en el sistema nervioso central y de esta manera se instaura finalmente la meningoencefalitis eosinofílica. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes de la enfermedad incluyen cefalea intensa, rigidez de nuca, náuseas, vómitos y parestesias. La fiebre se presenta en aproximadamente en la tercera parte de los enfermos. Los síntomas y los signos son a menudo leves o moderados, pero pueden llegar el coma. El diagnóstico está basado en los factores epidemiológicos, cuadro clínico presentado, así como los hallazgos positivos de los métodos diagnósticos inmunológicos y por PCR y los reibergramas como auxiliares. El tratamiento presenta alternativas al tratamiento sintomático con la talidomida y albendazol y la terapéutica combinada Interleucina-12 (IL-12) /Albendazol ensayada hasta ahora en ratas.


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